Song Yuan, Lan Huihui
Physical Education Department, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China.
Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Sports Sci Med. 2024 Dec 1;23(4):690-706. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2024.690. eCollection 2024 Dec.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions are typically prescribed according to several laboratory-based parameters and fixed reference intensities to accurately calibrate exercise intensity. Repeated printing efforts, or sprint interval training, is another form of HIIT that is prescribed without individual reference intensity as it is performed in maximal intensities. No previous study has performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of HIIT and SIT on cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. Moreover, previous studies have focused on single risk factors and exercise modalities, which may restrict their ability to capture a complete picture of the factors that could be affected by different interval interventions. The present study aimed to conduct a novel meta-analysis on the effects of HIIT and SIT on multiple cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. An electronic search was conducted in three main online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2024 to identify randomized and non-randomized control trials comparing HIIT and SIT versus the non-exercise control group in children and adolescents with mean age ranges from 6 to 18 years old on cardiometabolic health markers including fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic blood (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressures. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and confidence were calculated using a random effect model. HIIT decreased insulin, insulin resistance, TG, TC, LDL, and SBP and increased HDL but did not decrease glucose and DBP. Furthermore, subgroup analyses show that insulin and insulin resistance were decreased by sprint interval training (SIT) and in those with obesity. Lipid profile mainly is improved by SIT and in those with obesity. Also, SBP was decreased by SIT and in those with obesity. Our results prove that HIIT is an effective intervention for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, mainly those with obesity. Specifically, SIT is an effective interval training mode in children and adolescents.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）干预通常根据几个基于实验室的参数和固定参考强度来规定，以准确校准运动强度。重复冲刺训练，即短跑间歇训练，是HIIT的另一种形式，由于其以最大强度进行，因此在规定时无需个体参考强度。此前没有研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析来调查HIIT和短跑间歇训练（SIT）对儿童和青少年心脏代谢健康指标的影响。此外，以前的研究集中在单一风险因素和运动方式上，这可能限制了它们全面了解可能受不同间歇干预影响的因素的能力。本研究旨在对HIIT和SIT对儿童和青少年多种心脏代谢健康指标的影响进行一项新的荟萃分析。从开始到2024年7月，在三个主要在线数据库（包括PubMed、科学网和Scopus）中进行了电子检索，以识别比较HIIT和SIT与非运动对照组在平均年龄范围为6至18岁的儿童和青少年中对心脏代谢健康指标（包括空腹血糖和胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP））影响的随机和非随机对照试验。使用随机效应模型计算标准化均数差（SMD）、加权均数差（WMD）和置信区间。HIIT降低了胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、TG、TC、LDL和SBP，并增加了HDL，但未降低血糖和DBP。此外，亚组分析表明，短跑间歇训练（SIT）以及在肥胖者中，胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗降低。脂质谱主要在SIT以及肥胖者中得到改善。此外，SIT以及在肥胖者中，SBP降低。我们的结果证明，HIIT是改善儿童和青少年心脏代谢健康的有效干预措施，主要是对肥胖者。具体而言，SIT是儿童和青少年中一种有效的间歇训练模式。
