Zulfiqar Asma, Gul Beenish, Saleem Ammara, Islam Areeba, Zulfiqar Usman, Ali Muhammad Fraz, Nawaz Mohsin, Al-Ghamdi Abdullah Ahmed, Rizwana Humaira
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2024 Nov 30;2024:6887694. doi: 10.1155/sci5/6887694. eCollection 2024.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of salicylic acid (SA) on wheat subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress. The experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2022-2023 (November to February) at the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan. The study involved four wheat varieties: Akbar-2019, Galaxy-2013, Ujala-16, and Chakwal-86. The study utilized a factorial design with three replicates, examining three Cd levels (0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, and 0.3 mM) and two SA levels (0.5 mM and 0.9 mM). SA was applied as a seed priming agent, while cadmium sulfate (CdSO) solution induced Cd toxicity. Various growth parameters, including plant height, total plant length, leaf length, leaf breadth, and leaf area, were measured alongside physiological and biochemical parameters such as total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, oxidative stress indicators (MDA and HO), and antioxidants (total soluble protein, CAT, and APX)-to assess the effects of SA under Cd stress. The results indicated that the application of 0.5 mM SA resulted in the highest vegetative growth and maximum physiological and biochemical parameters, while 0.3 mM Cd significantly reduced growth. The performance of the treatments was observed in the following order: 0.5 mM SA > 0.3 mM Cd. Ujala-16 showed intermediate growth and yield, while Chakwal-86 had the lowest growth rate and yield. The study demonstrated that SA mitigates Cd stress effects, with 0.9 mM SA and 0.1 mM Cd yielding the highest growth, second only to 0.5- and 0.9-mM SA treatments. These findings underscore the potential of SA to enhance wheat growth and yield in Cd-contaminated soils. In conclusion, SA is suggested as a beneficial treatment for improving productivity and economic returns in Cd-stressed areas. Future recommendations include conducting long-term studies to evaluate cumulative treatment effects and investigating how salicylic acid mitigates cadmium stress through biochemical pathways and gene expression, enhancing agricultural practices.
本研究的目的是调查水杨酸（SA）对遭受镉（Cd）胁迫的小麦的影响。实验于2022 - 2023年冬季（11月至2月）在巴基斯坦拉合尔的旁遮普大学进行。该研究涉及四个小麦品种：阿克巴 - 2019、银河 - 2013、乌贾拉 - 16和查克瓦尔 - 86。该研究采用了三重复的析因设计，考察了三个镉水平（0.1 mM、0.2 mM和0.3 mM）和两个水杨酸水平（0.5 mM和0.9 mM）。水杨酸用作种子引发剂，而硫酸镉（CdSO）溶液诱导镉毒性。测量了各种生长参数，包括株高、总株长、叶长、叶宽和叶面积，以及生理和生化参数，如总叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、氧化应激指标（丙二醛和过氧化氢）和抗氧化剂（总可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶），以评估镉胁迫下水杨酸的作用。结果表明，施用0.5 mM水杨酸导致最高的营养生长以及最大的生理和生化参数，而0.3 mM镉显著降低生长。各处理的表现按以下顺序观察：0.5 mM水杨酸＞0.3 mM镉。乌贾拉 - 16表现出中等的生长和产量，而查克瓦尔 - 86的生长速率和产量最低。该研究表明，水杨酸减轻了镉胁迫的影响，0.9 mM水杨酸和0.1 mM镉产生了最高的生长，仅次于0.5 mM和0.9 mM水杨酸处理。这些发现强调了水杨酸在镉污染土壤中提高小麦生长和产量的潜力。总之，建议将水杨酸作为一种有益的处理方法，以提高镉胁迫地区的生产力和经济回报。未来的建议包括进行长期研究以评估累积处理效果，以及研究水杨酸如何通过生化途径和基因表达减轻镉胁迫，从而改进农业实践。
