Rodrigue Batumike, Bulonvu Franklin, Imani Gerard, Akonkwa Desiré, Gahigi Aimable, Klein Julia A, Marchant Rob, Cuni-Sanchez Aida
Université du Cinquantenaire Lwiro, Département de sciences de l'environnement, Kabare, Suk-Kivu, DR Congo.
Institut Superieur d'Agroforesterie et de Gestion de l'Environnement de Kahuzi-Biega (ISAGE-KB); Departement de Eaux et Forêts, Kalehe, Sud-Kivu, DR Congo.
Clim Dev. 2022 May 28;14(5):431-442. doi: 10.1080/17565529.2021.1930987. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Mountain environments experience more rapid changes in temperature than lower elevations. However, little is known about the climatic changes already observed in African mountains, or the adaptation strategies used by hunter-gatherer communities. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 100 Twa hunter-gatherers living around Mt Kahuzi in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). We also organized 10 focus-group discussions with Tembo farmers living in the same area and we gathered historical from Kamembe meteorological station. Twa respondents perceived reduced rainfall and fog, and increased temperatures. They also reported reduced crop yields and abundance of forest products (caterpillars, mushrooms, honey). Tembo perceptions of climatic changes and impacts agreed with the Twa. Meteorological data available shows reduced rainfall and increased temperatures - but there are no records on fog. Despite being aware of climatic changes and impacts, Twa are not using any adaptation strategy, while Tembo farmers are using some (as they own land for farming or animal rearing, and are more business minded). For the Twa, their socioeconomic condition create high sensitivity to climate change and constrain adaptive capacity. To help the Twa, we recommend the use of "science with society" (SWS) participatory approach.
山地环境的气温变化比低海拔地区更为迅速。然而，对于非洲山区已经观察到的气候变化，或者狩猎采集社区所采用的适应策略，我们知之甚少。我们对生活在刚果民主共和国（DR Congo）东部卡胡齐山周边的100名特瓦狩猎采集者进行了半结构化访谈。我们还与生活在同一地区的坦博农民组织了10次焦点小组讨论，并从卡姆贝气象站收集了历史数据。特瓦受访者察觉到降雨和雾气减少，气温升高。他们还报告说作物产量下降，森林产品（毛虫、蘑菇、蜂蜜）的数量减少。坦博对气候变化及其影响的看法与特瓦一致。现有的气象数据显示降雨减少、气温升高——但没有关于雾气的记录。尽管特瓦人意识到了气候变化及其影响，但他们没有采用任何适应策略，而坦博农民则采用了一些策略（因为他们拥有用于耕种或饲养牲畜的土地，并且更有商业头脑）。对特瓦人来说，他们的社会经济状况使他们对气候变化高度敏感，并限制了适应能力。为了帮助特瓦人，我们建议采用“科学与社会”（SWS）参与式方法。
