Balali Mohammad Reza, Taghizadeh Mohammad, Alizadeh Mehdi, Karami Yousof, Karimi Farzaneh, Khatami Seyyed Hossein, Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza, Ehtiati Sajad, Movahedpour Ahmad, Mahmoudi Reza, Ghasemi Hassan
Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Clin Chim Acta. 2025 Feb 1;567:120081. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.120081. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health condition characterized by gradual kidney function loss. Early detection is crucial for the effective management and treatment of CKD. A promising biomarker for various diseases, including chronic kidney disease, is microRNAs (miRNAs), which are becoming increasingly important due to their stability and differential expression in various disease-related states, including CKD. Recent developments in microRNA biosensors have made it possible to detect miRNAs associated with CKD in a sensitive and specific manner. This review article discusses the current state of microRNA biosensors for detecting CKD and highlights their potential applications in clinical settings. Various microRNA biosensors, including electrochemical, optical, and nanomaterial-based sensors, are explored for their ability to detect specific miRNAs linked to CKD progression. The advantages and limitations of these biosensors are evaluated, focusing on factors such as sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. Overall, microRNA biosensors are promising diagnostic tools for early detection of CKD. However, challenges such as standardizing protocols, validating in large cohorts, and translating to clinical practice remain to be addressed. Future research efforts should aim to overcome these limitations to fully realize the potential of microRNA biosensors in improving the diagnosis and management of CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一种普遍存在的健康状况，其特征是肾功能逐渐丧失。早期检测对于CKD的有效管理和治疗至关重要。包括慢性肾脏病在内的各种疾病的一种有前景的生物标志物是微小RNA（miRNA），由于其在包括CKD在内的各种疾病相关状态下的稳定性和差异表达，miRNA正变得越来越重要。微小RNA生物传感器的最新进展使得以灵敏且特异的方式检测与CKD相关的miRNA成为可能。这篇综述文章讨论了用于检测CKD的微小RNA生物传感器的当前状况，并强调了它们在临床环境中的潜在应用。探索了各种微小RNA生物传感器，包括基于电化学、光学和纳米材料的传感器，以评估它们检测与CKD进展相关的特定miRNA的能力。评估了这些生物传感器的优缺点，重点关注灵敏度、特异性和易用性等因素。总体而言，微小RNA生物传感器是用于CKD早期检测的有前景的诊断工具。然而，诸如标准化方案、在大型队列中进行验证以及转化为临床实践等挑战仍有待解决。未来的研究工作应旨在克服这些限制，以充分实现微小RNA生物传感器在改善CKD诊断和管理方面的潜力。
