Fu Yu, An Jiaying, Zhang Miao, Zhang Qingxiang, Si Yuxin, Zhang Youlin, Chen Chen, Zhang Di, Fang Yuxin
Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
Talanta. 2025 Feb 1;283:127183. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127183. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA transcripts with myriad physiologically important regulatory roles in the human body. These miRNAs have also recently emerged as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of particular cancers. Conventional miRNA detection strategies, however, are characterized by many limitations. As electrochemical biosensors offer advantages including low costs, high levels of sensitivity, and amenability to miniaturization, they hold great promise as an alternative approach to miRNA detection. Nanomaterials are commonly used in the context of electrochemical sensor production, and this review provides an overview of the use of various carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, magnetic nanomaterials, and conductive polymer nanocomposites to modify electrochemical biosensors in order to facilitate the detection of miRNA-21. A range of materials and detection methods for particular cancer types are discussed herein highlighting the superior sensitivity and specificity of these analytical strategies., which allow for the stable and reproducible detection of miRNAs in clinical samples. Ultimately, this review demonstrates the promising clinical prospects of these modified electrochemical biosensors as tools for early cancer diagnosis and the prognostic evaluation of affected patients.
微小RNA（miRNA）是非编码RNA转录本，在人体中具有众多重要的生理调节作用。这些miRNA最近也成为诊断特定癌症的有前景的生物标志物。然而，传统的miRNA检测策略存在许多局限性。由于电化学生物传感器具有成本低、灵敏度高和易于小型化等优点，作为miRNA检测的替代方法具有很大的潜力。纳米材料常用于电化学生产传感器，本文综述了各种碳纳米材料、金属纳米材料、金属有机框架、磁性纳米材料和导电聚合物纳米复合材料在修饰电化学生物传感器以促进miRNA-21检测方面的应用。本文讨论了针对特定癌症类型的一系列材料和检测方法，突出了这些分析策略的卓越灵敏度和特异性，这使得能够在临床样本中稳定且可重复地检测miRNA。最终，本综述证明了这些修饰后的电化学生物传感器作为早期癌症诊断工具和对受影响患者进行预后评估的有前景的临床应用前景。
