Shen Ting, Li Mengxing, Tian Baocheng, Liu Wei, Chu Lili, Yu Pengfei, Zhou Huihui, Han Yanchun, Ding Chen, Sai Sixiang
School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People's Republic of China.
College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110015, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Dec 5;19:13047-13069. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S488456. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of systemic fungal infections, especially among immunocompromised individuals, highlights the need for advancements in targeted and effective antifungal treatments. This study presents a novel nanomaterial, CFW-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (CFW-PEc), designed to enhance the delivery and efficacy of antifungal agents by targeting fungal cell walls through specific chitin binding. Ethosomes, lipid-based nanocarriers known for their ability to improve drug delivery across skin and cell membranes, were utilized in this study. METHODS: The physicochemical characteristics of voriconazole-loaded CFW-PEc ethosomes (CFW-PEc-VRC-ethosomes) were examined, including particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Antifungal efficacy of CFW-PEc-VRC-ethosomes was evaluated, including antifungal activity in vitro, CFW-PEc-ethosomes cellular uptake, and models of animal infection and imaging analyses. RESULTS: In vitro experiments demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth by CFW-PEc, with cell inhibition rates reaching nearly 100% at 256 μM. In vivo investigations confirmed a 5-fold reduction in fungal burden in the liver and a 7.8-fold reduction in the kidney compared to the control group following treatment with CFW-PEc (0.1 μM)-VRC-ethosomes. Imaging analyses also confirmed the extended tissue retention of fluorescent dye-loaded CFW-PEc-ethosomes in mice, further underscoring their potential for clinical use. DISCUSSION: The targeted delivery of antifungal medications via ethosomes coated with CFW-PEc presents a promising strategy to improve antifungal effectiveness while reducing adverse effects, marking a significant advancement in fungal infection therapy.
引言:全身真菌感染的患病率不断上升,尤其是在免疫功能低下的个体中,这凸显了开发有针对性且有效的抗真菌治疗方法的必要性。本研究提出了一种新型纳米材料,即壳黄素 - 磷脂酰乙醇胺缀合物(CFW - PEc),其设计目的是通过特异性结合几丁质靶向真菌细胞壁,从而提高抗真菌药物的递送效率和疗效。本研究采用了乙醇脂质体,这是一种以能够改善药物透过皮肤和细胞膜递送而闻名的脂质纳米载体。 方法:研究了载有伏立康唑的CFW - PEc乙醇脂质体(CFW - PEc - VRC - 乙醇脂质体)的物理化学特性,包括粒径、zeta电位和包封率。评估了CFW - PEc - VRC - 乙醇脂质体的抗真菌疗效,包括体外抗真菌活性、CFW - PEc - 乙醇脂质体的细胞摄取情况,以及动物感染模型和成像分析。 结果:体外实验表明,CFW - PEc对真菌生长具有浓度依赖性抑制作用,在256μM时细胞抑制率接近100%。体内研究证实,与对照组相比,用CFW - PEc(0.1μM) - VRC - 乙醇脂质体治疗后,肝脏中的真菌负荷降低了5倍,肾脏中的真菌负荷降低了7.8倍。成像分析还证实了负载荧光染料的CFW - PEc - 乙醇脂质体在小鼠体内的组织滞留时间延长,进一步突出了其临床应用潜力。 讨论:通过涂覆CFW - PEc的乙醇脂质体进行抗真菌药物的靶向递送,是一种有前景的策略,可提高抗真菌效果,同时减少不良反应,标志着真菌感染治疗取得了重大进展。
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