Sulyok Róza Sára, Miklósi Mónika, Kárpáti Noémi, Györe Szandra, Szabó Brigitta
Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 25;15:1457479. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1457479. eCollection 2024.
Behavioral inhibition is a temperamental factor that increases the risk of internalizing disorders. Therefore, the identification of highly inhibited children is of great importance. However, informant discrepancies make this process difficult. In a cluster analytic approach, we aimed to use both parent and teacher reports of behavioral inhibition in order to gain a more detailed picture about children's behavioral inhibition in different contexts and to characterize highly inhibited children.
Parents and teachers of 318 preschool children completed a questionnaire, which included the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents also reported their parenting behavior on the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Questionnaire (MAPS). A two-step cluster analysis was conducted on BIQ parent and teacher reports, and the resulting clusters were compared on the SDQ externalizing and internalizing subscales. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for girls and boys to predict cluster membership based on the MAPS hostility, lax control and physical control subscales.
Four clusters were identified, labelled as medium-low (ML), low-elevated (LE), elevated-elevated (EE) and high-high (HH), based on the levels of BIQ parent and teacher reports, respectively. In the HH cluster, mean scores of the SDQ internalizing subscales as reported by parents and teachers were significantly higher, and in boys but not in girls, mean scores of the SDQ externalizing subscale as reported by teachers were lower than in the other clusters. High levels of hostility predicted group membership of HH compared to LE and EE in both genders. Furthermore, in boys, lax control and physical control were also found to be significant when comparing HH to EE and LE, respectively.
Our results suggest that the joint use of parent and teacher reports on behavioral inhibition may increase the ability to identify highly inhibited children at risk of developing internalizing disorders and add to our understanding of the underpinnings of children's inhibited behavior in different contexts.
行为抑制是一种气质因素，会增加内化障碍的风险。因此，识别高度抑制型儿童非常重要。然而，信息提供者之间的差异使得这一过程变得困难。在一项聚类分析中，我们旨在同时使用家长和教师对行为抑制的报告，以便更详细地了解儿童在不同情境下的行为抑制情况，并对高度抑制型儿童进行特征描述。
318名学龄前儿童的家长和教师完成了一份问卷，其中包括行为抑制问卷（BIQ）和优势与困难问卷（SDQ）。家长还在多维育儿评估问卷（MAPS）上报告了他们的育儿行为。对BIQ家长和教师报告进行了两步聚类分析，并在SDQ外化和内化子量表上对所得聚类进行了比较。分别对女孩和男孩进行多项逻辑回归分析，以根据MAPS敌意、宽松控制和身体控制子量表预测聚类成员身份。
根据BIQ家长和教师报告的水平，识别出四个聚类，分别标记为中低（ML）、低高（LE）、高高（EE）和高高（HH）。在HH聚类中，家长和教师报告的SDQ内化子量表的平均得分显著更高，并且在男孩中，教师报告的SDQ外化子量表的平均得分低于其他聚类，但在女孩中并非如此。与LE和EE相比，高水平的敌意预测了两性中HH的群体成员身份。此外，在男孩中，将HH与EE和LE分别比较时，宽松控制和身体控制也被发现具有显著性。
我们的结果表明，联合使用家长和教师对行为抑制的报告可能会提高识别有发展内化障碍风险的高度抑制型儿童的能力，并增进我们对儿童在不同情境下抑制行为基础的理解。
