Friedel Anna, Soro Antonella, Shafiey Hassan, Tragust Simon, Boff Samuel, Ballote Johannson Victoria Ruth Elisabeth, Quezada-Euán José Javier G, Paxton Robert John
General Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2024 Dec;291(2036):20241832. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1832. Epub 2024 Dec 11.
Many invertebrates exhibit parental care, posited as a precursor to sociality. For example, solitary foundresses of the facultative social orchid bee guard their brood for 6+ weeks before offspring emerge, when the nest may become social. Guarding comes at the fitness cost of foregoing the production of additional offspring. Yet it is unclear whether guarding (extended maternal care) can enhance offspring survival such that it outweighs those fitness costs, or if it is a consequence of the selective benefits of sociality, including extended female longevity. Experimental removal of solitary foundresses from nests of revealed an immediate fitness loss: decreased offspring survival. A mathematical model exploring the trade-off between extended maternal care versus non-guarding revealed that extended maternal care is immediately advantageous to a solitary mother if nest establishment takes longer than a threshold 1.7-12.5 days. Below this threshold, our model suggests that social fitness gains (acquiring helper daughters) need to be invoked to explain the evolution of extended maternal care. Enhanced survival of offspring through guarding and nest inheritance may nevertheless ease conditions for the evolution of sociality by favouring extended adult longevity and brood care in incipient social species like .
许多无脊椎动物表现出亲代抚育行为，这被认为是社会性的前身。例如，兼性群居的兰花蜂的独居雌蜂在后代孵化前会守护其巢穴6周以上，此时巢穴可能会变成群居状态。守护行为是以放弃生育更多后代的适合度为代价的。然而，目前尚不清楚守护行为（延长的母性抚育）是否能提高后代的存活率，使其超过这些适合度成本，或者它是否是社会性选择益处的结果，包括延长雌性寿命。从巢穴中实验性移除独居雌蜂显示出立即的适合度损失：后代存活率降低。一个探索延长母性抚育与不守护之间权衡的数学模型表明，如果筑巢时间超过1.7 - 12.5天的阈值，延长母性抚育对独居母亲立即有利。低于这个阈值，我们的模型表明需要引入社会适合度收益（获得帮手女儿）来解释延长母性抚育的进化。然而，通过守护和巢穴继承提高后代存活率，可能会通过有利于初始群居物种如延长成年个体寿命和育雏行为，从而缓解社会性进化的条件。
