Binkin N J, Williams R L, Hogue C J, Chen P M
JAMA. 1985 Jan 18;253(3):372-5. doi: 10.1001/jama.253.3.372.
To study some of the factors contributing to the higher rate of black neonatal mortality in the United States, we used matched cohort records for California between 1980 and 1981 and for Georgia between 1979 and 1981. We found that at any combination of birth weight and gestational age, black neonates weighing less than 3,000 g had lower mortality rates than whites, but this survival advantage was outweighed by considerably higher rates of low birth weight among blacks. At 3,000 g or more, whites had the survival advantage; even at optimal survival weight, the black mortality rate was nearly twice that for whites. If a reduction in the black mortality rate is to occur, improvements are needed both in the black birth-weight distribution and in birth-weight-specific mortality rates, particularly in the normal birth-weight ranges.
为研究导致美国黑人新生儿死亡率较高的一些因素，我们使用了1980年至1981年加利福尼亚州以及1979年至1981年佐治亚州的匹配队列记录。我们发现，在出生体重和胎龄的任何组合情况下，体重低于3000克的黑人新生儿死亡率低于白人，但黑人中低出生体重率显著更高，抵消了这一存活优势。在3000克及以上时，白人具有存活优势；即使在最佳存活体重时，黑人死亡率几乎是白人的两倍。若要降低黑人死亡率，就需要改善黑人的出生体重分布以及特定出生体重的死亡率，尤其是在正常出生体重范围内。
