Spiritual Entrepreneurship Orientation Scale: Psychometric Evaluation and Validity-Reliability Analyses.

This study aims to develop the "Spiritual Entrepreneurship Orientation Scale" to explore how entrepreneurs incorporate spiritual values and social responsibilities into their business activities. The objective is to create a tool that accurately measures how entrepreneurs integrate spiritual values into their decisions, their understanding of purposeful entrepreneurship and their awareness of spiritual resilience and social responsibility. The study proceeded in three phases: a literature review, expert consultation and preliminary testing to ensure content validity. The exploratory factor analysis identified four main dimensions: spiritual values, purposefulness, spiritual resilience and social responsibility. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure, with fit indices (RMSEA = 0.077, CFI = 0.935) clearly demonstrating a good model fit. Reliability tests showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.952), confirming the scale's validity and reliability. Previous studies have shown that entrepreneurs' perceptions of spiritual values and social responsibility significantly influence their business decisions. The "Spiritual Entrepreneurship Orientation Scale" is the recommended tool for use in entrepreneurship research.