Sarintohe Eveline, Burk William J, Vink Jacqueline M, Larsen Junilla K
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Psychology Faculty, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia.
Obes Facts. 2025;18(2):169-177. doi: 10.1159/000543078. Epub 2024 Dec 11.
Little is known about how the COVID-19 situation affected weight development among Indonesian adolescents. This longitudinal study examined whether, and for whom, the COVID-19 situation affected weight outcomes over time among adolescents from private schools and higher socio-economic positions in Indonesia, where being overweight is a rather prevalent characteristic. This study specifically examined whether appetitive traits (i.e., emotional overeating, food responsiveness) as well as baseline zBMI, sex, and urban area could explain changes in zBMI.
At baseline, 411 adolescents from 5 private schools in Indonesia (53.3% males, Mage = 12.02 years, SD = 0.45) filled out questionnaires on appetitive traits and background characteristics. In addition, their height and weight were measured. Of these, 336 adolescents (81.8%) also participated at follow-up. At follow-up, height and weight were measured or reported. We used linear regression to analyze the association between predictors and interactions with zBMI.
The results showed a significant decrease in zBMI over time, with a lower average zBMI during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. Female adolescents and adolescents with higher baseline zBMI values particularly tended to show this zBMI decreasing pattern. We did not find statistically significant main effects of baseline emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and urban area or any interactions.
Indonesian adolescents appeared to decrease in terms of zBMI during COVID-19, particularly females and adolescents with higher pre-COVID-19 zBMI. Our findings suggest that (culturally-specific) contextual changes (i.e., less exposure to the Indonesian food environment at schools and more exposure to the home environment) might have a beneficial impact in terms of preventing overweight among Indonesian adolescents, particularly among those being more vulnerable (i.e., having higher baseline zBMI).
关于新冠疫情对印度尼西亚青少年体重发展的影响，我们所知甚少。这项纵向研究调查了在印度尼西亚私立学校且社会经济地位较高的青少年中，新冠疫情是否以及对哪些人随时间推移的体重结果产生了影响，在这些青少年中，超重是一个相当普遍的特征。本研究特别考察了食欲特质（即情绪性暴饮暴食、食物反应性）以及基线身高体重指数（zBMI）、性别和城市地区是否能够解释zBMI的变化。
在基线时，来自印度尼西亚5所私立学校的411名青少年（53.3%为男性，平均年龄Mage = 12.02岁，标准差SD = 0.45）填写了关于食欲特质和背景特征的问卷。此外，还测量了他们的身高和体重。其中，336名青少年（81.8%）也参与了随访。在随访时，测量或报告了身高和体重。我们使用线性回归分析预测因素与zBMI之间的关联及相互作用。
结果显示，随着时间推移，zBMI显著下降，与新冠疫情前相比，新冠疫情期间的平均zBMI更低。女性青少年以及基线zBMI值较高的青少年尤其呈现出这种zBMI下降模式。我们没有发现基线情绪性暴饮暴食、食物反应性、城市地区的统计学显著主效应或任何相互作用。
在新冠疫情期间，印度尼西亚青少年的zBMI似乎有所下降，尤其是女性以及新冠疫情前zBMI较高的青少年。我们的研究结果表明，（特定文化背景下的）环境变化（即在校接触印度尼西亚食物环境减少，在家接触增多）可能对预防印度尼西亚青少年超重产生有益影响，尤其是对那些更易超重的青少年（即基线zBMI较高者）。
