Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, #2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Appetite. 2022 Jan 1;168:105789. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105789. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Eating in response to external food cues (i.e., external eating) and internal emotional experiences (i.e., emotional eating) are associated with obesity. While external and emotional eating co-occur, little is known about how external food cue responsiveness may interact with internal emotional cues to influence eating episodes in adolescents. The current study examined how trait-level external food cue responsiveness modulates momentary associations between affective states and eating in adolescents. Participants were drawn from a prior study of siblings (N = 78; ages 13-17) who completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol to assess eating episodes and affective states. External food cue responsiveness was determined by comparing energy consumption following presentation of an appetizing food (pizza) on one day and a control activity (reading) on another day. Generalized linear mixed models examined positive and negative affective states, cue responsiveness, and their interactions as predictors of the likelihood of eating. The relationship between affective states and likelihood of eating was stronger among adolescents with higher versus lower external food cue responsiveness. Among adolescents with higher cue responsiveness, endorsing negative affect was associated with a lower likelihood of eating, whereas endorsing positive affect was associated with a higher likelihood of eating (within-person effects). Findings suggest that high sensitivity to external food cues and greater proclivity for emotional eating may be likely to coincide such that any cue, internal or external, is likely to disrupt sensitivity to internal hunger and satiety signals. Future studies are needed to elucidate how sensitivities to internal and external cues may interact to influence obesity risk.
进食对外部食物线索（即外部进食）和内部情绪体验（即情绪性进食）的反应与肥胖有关。虽然外部进食和情绪性进食同时发生，但对于外部食物线索的反应能力如何与内部情绪线索相互作用，从而影响青少年的进食行为，人们知之甚少。本研究探讨了特质水平的外部食物线索反应能力如何调节青少年在情绪状态和进食之间的瞬间关联。参与者来自一项关于兄弟姐妹的先前研究（N=78；年龄 13-17 岁），他们完成了一项生态瞬间评估方案，以评估进食事件和情绪状态。通过比较在一天内呈现开胃食物（比萨饼）和另一天内进行控制活动（阅读）后的能量消耗来确定外部食物线索的反应能力。广义线性混合模型检验了积极和消极的情绪状态、线索反应能力及其相互作用作为进食可能性的预测因素。在对外食物线索反应能力较高和较低的青少年中，情绪状态与进食可能性之间的关系更强。在对外食物线索反应能力较高的青少年中，情绪消极与进食可能性降低有关，而情绪积极与进食可能性增加有关（个体内效应）。研究结果表明，对外食物线索的高度敏感和更倾向于情绪性进食可能同时发生，以至于任何线索，无论是内部还是外部，都可能破坏对内部饥饿和饱腹感信号的敏感性。需要进一步的研究来阐明内部和外部线索的敏感性如何相互作用，从而影响肥胖风险。
