Jadhav Vidya V, Fasina Yewande, Omaliko Paul C, Han Jian, Harrison Scott H
Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States.
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Nov 27;15:1462757. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1462757. eCollection 2024.
Diet has been found to significantly influence gut microbiota throughout various life stages, and gut microbiota have been increasingly shown to influence host physiology, health, and behavior. This study uses 16S rRNA sequencing to examine the effects of six different fat-supplemented diets (canola oil, coconut oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, lard, and olive oil) on broiler chicken cecal microbial composition and predicted function in comparison with a common and inexpensive fat source (poultry fat). Groups of broilers were fed each of these diets and then evaluated on day 41 and day 55 of age. For both 41- and 55-day samples, and phyla were the dominant bacteria in the ceca accounting for 99% of the microbial community. Across the 41- and 55-day samples, treatment time was associated with a stronger and more significant microbiota shift ( < 0.001) than differences in dietary treatment alone ( = 0.117), but dietary treatment combined with treatment time is a significant factor as well ( = 0.047). Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to explore the more discriminating taxa for each treatment group. For identified species, butyrate production appears to be affected in a diet-specific manner, with many butyrate-producing species being evident for the fish-based diet at day 41 and a few of these species for the flaxseed-based diet at day 55. Predicted functions, as conducted with PICRUSt2, were significant for comparisons between the control and the flaxseed-based dietary treatment group at day 55, with indications of host health benefit for the flaxseed-based diet. Predicted functions found to be significant were for enzymes and pathways such as propionate CoA ligase, aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, vitamin B12-transporting ATPase, thiamine kinase, acetylneuraminate epimerase, and L-tryptophan biosynthesis. This study provides insight surrounding specific dietary fat-based treatments to be investigated further and highlights the importance of polyunsaturated fat sources in poultry feed that may offer a favorable cecal microbial modulation compared to saturated fat sources.
研究发现，饮食在各个生命阶段都会对肠道微生物群产生显著影响，并且越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群会影响宿主的生理、健康和行为。本研究采用16S rRNA测序技术，比较了六种不同添加脂肪的日粮（菜籽油、椰子油、鱼油、亚麻籽油、猪油和橄榄油）与一种常见且廉价的脂肪来源（家禽脂肪）对肉鸡盲肠微生物组成和预测功能的影响。将肉鸡分成若干组，分别饲喂这些日粮，然后在41日龄和55日龄时进行评估。对于41日龄和55日龄的样本，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是盲肠中的优势细菌，占微生物群落的99%。在41日龄和55日龄的样本中，与仅饮食处理的差异（P = 0.117）相比，处理时间与更强且更显著的微生物群变化相关（P < 0.001），但饮食处理与处理时间相结合也是一个显著因素（P = 0.047）。采用稀疏偏最小二乘判别分析来探索每个处理组中更具区分性的分类群。对于已鉴定的物种，丁酸盐的产生似乎受到饮食特异性的影响，在41日龄时，许多产生丁酸盐的物种在以鱼为基础的日粮中很明显，而在55日龄时，其中一些物种在以亚麻籽为基础的日粮中出现。使用PICRUSt2进行的预测功能在55日龄时对照组和以亚麻籽为基础的饮食处理组之间的比较中具有显著性，表明以亚麻籽为基础的日粮对宿主健康有益。发现具有显著性的预测功能涉及丙酰辅酶A连接酶、氨基丁醛脱氢酶、维生素B12转运ATP酶、硫胺素激酶、N - 乙酰神经氨酸差向异构酶和L - 色氨酸生物合成等酶和途径。本研究为进一步研究特定的基于膳食脂肪的处理方法提供了见解，并强调了与饱和脂肪来源相比，多不饱和脂肪来源在家禽饲料中的重要性，其可能对盲肠微生物群产生有利的调节作用。
