Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via E. Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia. Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
BMC Genomics. 2018 Nov 7;19(1):808. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5202-z.
Animal studies show that high fat (HF) diet-induced gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity. Oil composition of high-fat diet affects metabolic inflammation differently with deleterious effects by saturated fat. The aim of the present study was to examine the diversity and metabolic capacity of the cecal bacterial community in C57BL/6 N mice administered two different diets, enriched respectively with coconut oil (HFC, high in saturated fat) or soy oil (HFS, high in polyunsaturated fat). The relative impact of each hypercaloric diet was evaluated after 2 and 8 weeks of feeding, and compared with that of a low-fat, control diet (LF).
The HFC diet induced the same body weight gain and fat storage as the HFS diet, but produced higher plasma cholesterol levels after 8 weeks of treatment. At the same time point, the cecal microbiota of HFC diet-fed mice was characterized by an increased relative abundance of Allobaculum, Anaerofustis, F16, Lactobacillus reuteri and Deltaproteobacteria, and a decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila compared to HFS mice. Comparison of cecal microbiota of high-fat fed mice versus control mice indicated major changes that were shared between the HFC and the HFS diet, including the increase in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lutispora, and Syntrophomonas, while some other shifts were specifically associated to either coconut or soy oil. Prediction of bacterial gene functions showed that the cecal microbiota of HFC mice was depleted of pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic degradation and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides compared to mice on HFS diet. Correlation analysis revealed remarkable relationships between compositional changes in the cecal microbiota and alterations in the metabolic and transcriptomic phenotypes of high-fat fed mice.
The study highlights significant differences in cecal microbiota composition and predictive functions of mice consuming a diet enriched in coconut vs soy oil. The correlations established between specific bacterial taxa and various traits linked to host lipid metabolism and energy storage give insights into the role and functioning of the gut microbiota that may contribute to diet-induced metabolic disorders.
动物研究表明，高脂肪（HF）饮食诱导的肠道微生物群有助于肥胖的发展。高脂肪饮食的油成分对代谢炎症的影响不同，饱和脂肪有有害影响。本研究的目的是研究给予两种不同饮食的 C57BL/6N 小鼠的盲肠细菌群落的多样性和代谢能力，这两种饮食分别富含椰子油（HFC，富含饱和脂肪）或豆油（HFS，富含多不饱和脂肪）。在喂养 2 周和 8 周后，评估每种高热量饮食的相对影响，并与低脂肪对照饮食（LF）进行比较。
HFC 饮食引起与 HFS 饮食相同的体重增加和脂肪储存，但在治疗 8 周后产生更高的血浆胆固醇水平。与此同时，HFC 饮食喂养的小鼠盲肠微生物群的特征是相对丰度增加的 Allobaculum、Anaerofustis、F16、乳酸乳球菌和 Delta-proteobacteria，以及相对丰度降低 Akkermansia muciniphila与 HFS 小鼠相比。高脂肪喂养小鼠与对照小鼠的盲肠微生物群比较表明，主要变化在 HFC 和 HFS 饮食之间共享，包括乳酸植物乳杆菌、Lutispora 和 Syntrophomonas 的增加，而其他一些变化则专门与椰子或豆油相关。细菌基因功能的预测表明，与 HFS 饮食相比，HFC 饮食的小鼠盲肠微生物群中参与脂肪酸代谢、氨基酸代谢、外来化合物降解以及萜类和聚酮化合物代谢的途径减少。相关性分析揭示了高脂肪喂养小鼠盲肠微生物群组成的变化与代谢和转录表型变化之间的显著关系。
该研究强调了食用富含椰子油与富含大豆油的饮食的小鼠盲肠微生物群组成和预测功能的显著差异。建立的特定细菌分类群与宿主脂质代谢和能量储存相关的各种特征之间的相关性，深入了解了肠道微生物群的作用和功能，这可能有助于饮食引起的代谢紊乱。
