Emami Nima K, Calik Ali, White Mallory B, Kimminau Emily A, Dalloul Rami A
Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Nov 26;7:572142. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572142. eCollection 2020.
The withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry feed has increased the risk of necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks. This study examined the effects of a probiotic (PROB) or probiotic/prebiotic/essential oil supplement (PPEO) during a subclinical NE challenge. On day (d) of hatch, 960 male broilers were randomized to four groups (8 pens/treatment, 30 birds/pen) including (1) negative control (NC): corn-soybean meal diet; (2) positive control (PC): NC + 20 g Virginiamycin/ton diet; (3) NC + 227 g PROB/ton diet; and (4) NC + 453 g PPEO/ton diet. One d after placement, birds were challenged by a coccidia vaccine to induce NE. Feed intake and body weights were measured on d 8 (NE onset) and end of each feeding period. On d 8, the small intestines of three birds/pen were examined for NE lesions. Jejunum samples and ileal mucosal scrapings from one bird/pen were respectively collected to measure mRNA abundance (d 8 and d 14) and profile the microbiota (d 8 and d 42). Data were analyzed in JMP or QIIME 2 and significance between treatments identified by LSD ( < 0.05). PROB and PPEO had significantly lower mortality (d 0-14) and NE lesion scores compared to NC. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in PC, PROB, and PPEO, while average daily gain was higher in PPEO and PC groups compared to NC from d 0-42. On d 8 and d 14, mRNA abundance of claudin-3 was higher in PPEO compared to NC. On d 14, compared to NC, mRNA abundance of sIgA and PGC-1α in PROB and PPEO were lower and higher, respectively. Compared to NC, PPEO increased mTOR abundance on d 14. On d 8, relative abundance of UCG-014, ASF356, and was higher in NC compared to PPEO and PROB, while was lower in NC. had higher abundance in PC compared to PPEO and PROB. Collectively, these data indicate that during a subclinical naturally occurring NE, supplementation of PROB or PPEO supports performance and reduces intestinal lesions, potentially through modifying tight junction proteins, gut microbiota, immune responses, and cell metabolism.
从家禽饲料中停用抗生素生长促进剂增加了坏死性肠炎（NE）爆发的风险。本研究检测了益生菌（PROB）或益生菌/益生元/精油补充剂（PPEO）在亚临床NE攻毒期间的作用。在孵化日（d），将960只雄性肉鸡随机分为四组（每组8个栏，每栏30只鸡），包括：（1）阴性对照（NC）：玉米-豆粕日粮；（2）阳性对照（PC）：NC + 20 g维吉尼亚霉素/吨日粮；（3）NC + 227 g PROB/吨日粮；（4）NC + 453 g PPEO/吨日粮。入舍1 d后，用球虫疫苗对鸡进行攻毒以诱发NE。在第8天（NE发病）和每个饲养期结束时测量采食量和体重。在第8天，检查每个栏中3只鸡的小肠是否有NE病变。分别采集每个栏中1只鸡的空肠样本和回肠黏膜刮片，以测量mRNA丰度（第8天和第l4天）并分析微生物群（第8天和第42天）。数据在JMP或QIIME 2中进行分析，并用最小显著差法（LSD）确定处理之间的显著性（P<0.05）。与NC相比，PROB和PPEO的死亡率（第0至14天）和NE病变评分显著更低。从第0至42天，PC、PROB和PPEO组的饲料转化率显著更低，而PPEO和PC组的平均日增重高于NC组。在第8天和第14天，PPEO组中claudin-3的mRNA丰度高于NC组。在第14天，与NC相比，PROB和PPEO组中sIgA和PGC-1α的mRNA丰度分别更低和更高。与NC相比，PPEO在第14天增加了mTOR的丰度。在第8天，与PPEO和PROB相比，NC组中UCG-014、ASF356和[某菌属名]的相对丰度更高，而[另一菌属名]在NC组中更低。与PPEO和PROB相比，PC组中[某菌属名]的丰度更高。总体而言，这些数据表明，在亚临床自然发生的NE期间，补充PROB或PPEO可维持生产性能并减少肠道病变，这可能是通过改变紧密连接蛋白、肠道微生物群、免疫反应和细胞代谢来实现的。
