Kahraman Fatma, Aktas Aysenur, Bayrakceken Serra, Çakar Tuna, Tarcan Hande Serim, Bayram Bugrahan, Durak Berk, Ulman Yesim Isil
Acibadem University, Departmant of Psychology, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Front Public Health. 2024 Nov 27;12:1428396. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1428396. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks that require human-like cognitive functions, such as reasoning, learning, and decision-making. Unlike human intelligence, AI does not involve sentience or consciousness but focuses on data processing, pattern recognition, and prediction through algorithms and learned experiences. In healthcare including neuroscience, AI is valuable for improving prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance.
This qualitative study aimed to investigate the acceptability of AI in Medicine (AIIM) and to elucidate any technical and scientific, as well as social and ethical issues involved. Twenty-five doctors from various specialties were carefully interviewed regarding their views, experience, knowledge, and attitude toward AI in healthcare.
Content analysis confirmed the key ethical principles involved: confidentiality, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Honesty was the least invoked principle. A thematic analysis established four salient topic areas, i.e., , , and . Alongside the advantages, there were many limitations and risks. The study revealed a perceived need for precautions to be embedded in healthcare policies to counter the risks discussed. These precautions need to be multi-dimensional.
The authors conclude that AI should be rationally guided, function transparently, and produce impartial results. It should assist human healthcare professionals collaboratively. This kind of AI will permit fairer, more innovative healthcare which benefits patients and society whilst preserving human dignity. It can foster accuracy and precision in medical practice and reduce the workload by assisting physicians during clinical tasks. AIIM that functions transparently and respects the public interest can be an inspiring scientific innovation for humanity.
背景/目的：人工智能（AI）是计算系统执行需要类人认知功能（如推理、学习和决策）任务的能力。与人类智能不同，人工智能不涉及感知或意识，而是专注于通过算法和学习经验进行数据处理、模式识别和预测。在包括神经科学在内的医疗保健领域，人工智能对于改善预防、诊断、预后和监测非常有价值。
这项定性研究旨在调查人工智能在医学中的可接受性（AIIM），并阐明所涉及的任何技术和科学以及社会和伦理问题。对来自各个专业的25名医生就他们对医疗保健领域人工智能的观点、经验、知识和态度进行了仔细访谈。
内容分析确认了所涉及的关键伦理原则：保密、行善和不伤害。诚实是最少被提及的原则。主题分析确定了四个突出的主题领域，即 、 、 和 。除了优点之外，还有许多局限性和风险。该研究表明，人们认为需要在医疗保健政策中嵌入预防措施以应对所讨论的风险。这些预防措施需要是多维度的。
作者得出结论，人工智能应该得到合理引导，功能透明，并产生公正的结果。它应该与人类医疗保健专业人员协作。这种人工智能将带来更公平、更具创新性的医疗保健，使患者和社会受益，同时维护人类尊严。它可以提高医疗实践的准确性和精确性，并通过在临床任务中协助医生来减轻工作量。功能透明且尊重公共利益的AIIM可以成为人类鼓舞人心的科学创新。
