Tang Chunxiao, Wang Ping, Li Zhonghua, Zhong Shizhen, Yang Lin, Li Guanglin
Department of Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Department of Human Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 Dec 7;21(1):173-86. doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00613.
Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders, traumatic injuries, and neurological diseases. Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, significantly improving patients' quality of life. This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies, including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces, targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation, agonist-antagonist myoneural interfaces, and brain-machine interfaces. Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and high-resolution electrodes, which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology. However, significant challenges remain, such as signal interference, fibrous tissue encapsulation, and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction. The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms, particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning, has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation, which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective. These technologies have broad, impactful clinical applications, ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation. This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering, clinical surgery, and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces. By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers, neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation, promising enhanced mobility, independence, and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments. By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles, researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.
神经机器接口技术是一种开创性的方法，旨在应对因先天性疾病、创伤性损伤和神经疾病等状况导致的神经功能障碍和残疾所带来的复杂挑战。神经机器接口技术与大脑或外周神经系统建立直接连接，以恢复受损的运动、感觉和认知功能，显著提高患者的生活质量。本综述分析了各种神经机器接口技术的发展历程及其整合情况，包括再生外周神经接口、靶向肌肉和感觉再支配、主动肌-拮抗肌肌神经接口以及脑机接口。柔性电子学和生物工程学的最新进展促使了更具生物相容性和高分辨率电极的开发，这提高了神经机器接口技术的性能和使用寿命。然而，仍存在重大挑战，如信号干扰、纤维组织包裹以及精确解剖定位和重建的需求。先进信号处理算法的整合，尤其是那些利用人工智能和机器学习的算法，有可能提高神经信号解读的准确性和可靠性，这将使神经机器接口技术更加直观和有效。这些技术具有广泛且有影响力的临床应用，从假肢的运动恢复和感觉反馈到神经疾病治疗和神经康复。本综述表明，多学科合作将在推进神经机器接口技术方面发挥关键作用，通过整合生物医学工程、临床外科和神经工程学的见解来开发更复杂、更可靠的接口。通过克服现有局限性并探索新的技术前沿，神经机器接口技术有潜力彻底改变神经假肢和神经康复领域，有望为神经功能受损的个体带来更强的行动能力、独立性和生活质量。通过利用详细的解剖学知识并整合前沿的神经工程学原理，研究人员和临床医生能够突破可能的界限，创造出越来越复杂且持久的假肢装置，为用户带来持续的益处。
