Fernandes Caroline Ferreira, da Silva Iúdice Tirça Naiara, Bezerra Nilson Veloso, Pontes Altem Nascimento
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Center for Biological and Health Sciences., University of Pará State (UEPA), Av. Perebebuí, 2623, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Center for Biological and Health Sciences., University of Pará State (UEPA), Av. Perebebuí, 2623, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Av. Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 15;367:125509. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125509. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
The intensive use of oil and its derivatives is related to a greater frequency of accidents involving the release of pollutants that cause harmful effects on ecosystems. Actinobacteria are cosmopolitan and saprophytic microorganisms of great commercial interest, but because they are predominantly found in soil, most research into the products of this phylum's metabolism has focused on this habitat. Marine actinobacteria exhibit unique metabolic characteristics in response to extreme conditions in their habitat, which distinguishes them from terrestrial actinobacteria. This systematic review aims to describe cultivable hydrocarbonoclastic marine actinobacteria, analyze their biodegradation rates, as well as discuss their respective potential for application in bioremediation techniques and their limitations. Twenty-one actinobacteria were found to be capable of degrading one or more hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. The majority of these bacteria belonged to the genera Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Pseudonocardia, Isoptericola, Microbacterium, Citricoccus, Kocuria, Brevibacterium, and Cellulosimicrobium. The highest degradation rate was obtained by the species R. ruber, which degraded 100 % of fluorene at a concentration of 100 mg/L. On the other hand, the species Streptomyces gougerotti and Micromonospora matsumotoense were able to degrade polyethylene and use the carbon derived from it to produce polylactic acid (PLA), which represents an excellent candidate for making safely degradable bioplastics, with a view to recycling and replacing conventional petroleum-based plastics. An approach that integrates physicochemical and biological methods, and optimized growth conditions can lead to greater success in decontaminating environments. Despite the number of bacteria found in the research, this number may be significantly higher. This review provides valuable information to support further studies.
石油及其衍生物的大量使用与涉及污染物释放的事故频发相关，这些污染物会对生态系统造成有害影响。放线菌是具有广泛商业价值的世界性腐生微生物，但由于它们主要存在于土壤中，因此对该菌门代谢产物的大多数研究都集中在这一栖息地。海洋放线菌在其栖息地的极端条件下表现出独特的代谢特征，这使其有别于陆地放线菌。本系统综述旨在描述可培养的烃分解海洋放线菌，分析它们的生物降解率，并讨论它们在生物修复技术中的各自应用潜力及其局限性。已发现21种放线菌能够降解一种或多种源自石油的碳氢化合物。这些细菌大多数属于红球菌属、戈登氏菌属、假诺卡氏菌属、异壁放线菌属、微杆菌属、柠檬酸球菌属、考克氏菌属、短杆菌属和纤维单胞菌属。红球菌降解率最高，在浓度为100mg/L时能100%降解芴。另一方面，沟戈登链霉菌和松本小单孢菌能够降解聚乙烯，并利用其中的碳生产聚乳酸（PLA），这是制造安全可降解生物塑料的极佳候选材料，有望回收利用并替代传统的石油基塑料。一种整合物理化学和生物学方法以及优化生长条件的方法，在净化环境方面可能会取得更大成功。尽管在研究中发现的细菌数量不少，但实际数量可能要高得多。本综述提供了有价值的信息以支持进一步的研究。
