Malave-Ortiz Sofia, Calvert Madison E, Hood-Pishchany Indriati, Shaw Natalie D
Pediatric Neuroendocrinology Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, North Carolina.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2025 Apr;38(2):117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2024.12.008. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
The aim of this paper is to review our understanding of the vaginal microbiome (VM), the internal and external factors that influence its composition, and how it relates to adult and adolescent reproductive health.
A literature review was conducted in March 2024 using Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar.
The majority of studies focused on the VM in healthy adult women and demonstrated that the VM changes across the menstrual cycle, with the greatest species diversity during menses. In most women, the VM is dominated by lactobacilli, however, Black and Hispanic women are more likely to demonstrate a polymicrobial profile. The VM is also affected by lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, alcohol, smoking, sexual activity, vaginal hygiene) and contraception, whereas the role of endogenous reproductive hormones in shaping the VM is unclear. The VM of adolescents begins to resemble that of adults in mid- to late puberty.
The VM is a complex and dynamic microbial community that has the potential to serve as an important clinical biomarker of adult as well as adolescent reproductive health, possibly aiding in the diagnosis of such conditions as polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, additional studies are needed in healthy adolescent girls.
本文旨在回顾我们对阴道微生物群（VM）的理解，影响其组成的内部和外部因素，以及它与成年和青少年生殖健康的关系。
2024年3月使用科学网、PubMed、Embase和谷歌学术进行了文献综述。
大多数研究聚焦于健康成年女性的VM，并表明VM在月经周期中会发生变化，在月经期间物种多样性最大。在大多数女性中，VM以乳酸杆菌为主导，然而，黑人女性和西班牙裔女性更有可能表现出多微生物特征。VM还受到生活方式因素（如饮食、酒精、吸烟、性活动、阴道卫生）和避孕的影响，而内源性生殖激素在塑造VM中的作用尚不清楚。青少年的VM在青春期中后期开始类似于成年人。
VM是一个复杂且动态的微生物群落，有可能作为成年和青少年生殖健康的重要临床生物标志物，可能有助于多囊卵巢综合征等疾病的诊断。然而，需要对健康的青春期女孩进行更多研究。
