Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena, Abdoul-Kader Abderemane, Ravelonjatovo Mirantosoa Fabiola, Randriamihangy Narindrarimanana Avisoa
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, MDG.
Department of Cardiology, Mahavoky Atsimo University Hospital, Mahajanga, MDG.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 11;16(11):e73424. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73424. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and is included in the metabolic syndrome. Data on dyslipidemia are still lacking in some parts of Africa. Our objectives were to report the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to describe the lipid profile of patients in a hospital in Madagascar. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients admitted to the medical departments of Mahavoky Atsimo Hospital in Mahajanga, Madagascar, and followed for a period of 15 months. To be eligible, patients had to be over 18 years of age, have a lipid panel including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and agree to participate in the study. Results Of the 384 patients included in the study, 262 patients (68.23%) had dyslipidemia. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 61.45% (n = 102) in men and 73.39% (n = 160) in women. In patients older than 65 years, the prevalence was 70.64% (n = 77). The different types of dyslipidemia were distributed as follows: hypercholesterolemia (24.22%, n = 93), hypo-HDL cholesterolemia (22.4%, n = 86), mixed hyperlipidemia (7.81%, n = 30), hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (7.29%, n = 28), and hypertriglyceridemia (6.51%, n = 25). Female gender (p = 0.013), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.007), and morbid obesity (p = 0.036) were associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high. Pure hypercholesterolemia and hypo-HDL-c were the most common types. Female gender, diabetes mellitus, and morbid obesity were associated with dyslipidemia. Prevention and treatment programs are essential to reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular events in low-income countries.
引言
血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素，也是代谢综合征的一部分。非洲某些地区仍缺乏血脂异常的数据。我们的目标是报告马达加斯加一家医院血脂异常的患病率，并描述患者的血脂谱。
材料和方法
这是一项对马达加斯加马哈赞加市马哈沃基·阿齐莫医院内科收治的患者进行的描述性横断面研究，研究持续了15个月。符合条件的患者必须年满18岁，有包括总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇在内的血脂检测结果，并同意参与研究。
结果
在纳入研究的384名患者中，262名患者（68.23%）患有血脂异常。男性血脂异常患病率为61.45%（n = 102），女性为73.39%（n = 160）。65岁以上患者的患病率为70.64%（n = 77）。不同类型的血脂异常分布如下：高胆固醇血症（24.22%，n = 93）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症（22.4%，n = 86）、混合型高脂血症（7.81%，n = 30）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症（7.29%，n = 28）和高甘油三酯血症（6.51%，n = 25）。女性（p = 0.013）、糖尿病（p = 0.007）和病态肥胖（p = 0.036）与血脂异常有关。
结论
血脂异常患病率很高。单纯高胆固醇血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症是最常见的类型。女性、糖尿病和病态肥胖与血脂异常有关。预防和治疗方案对于降低低收入国家血脂异常的患病率和心血管事件风险至关重要。
