Abdeldayem Waleed Mohamed, Davies Jo, Griffiths Lucy Jane
Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
Int J Popul Data Sci. 2024 Jun 26;9(1):2374. doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v9i1.2374. eCollection 2024.
Obesity and asthma are two of the most common childhood conditions and their prevalence have increased over the last decades. Several cross-sectional studies provide strong evidence for a positive association between these two conditions. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the temporal relationship between them.
To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at school starting age and the risk of developing bronchial asthma later in childhood.
We used anthropometric measurements of children aged 4 to 5 years, obtained as part of a national surveillance programme in Wales, linked to multiple population-level longitudinal administrative and clinical datasets within a trusted research environment provided by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank to examine whether obesity at age 4 to 5 years was associated with increased risk of having a recorded diagnosis of asthma during a nine year follow-up period.
Out of 22,790 children included in the study, 7% had a recorded diagnosis of asthma during the nine years following anthropometric measurement. Children who were classified as obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] Z-score ≥98 Centile) had a 41% increased risk of having a recorded diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.7). Females were 26% less likely to have a recorded diagnosis of asthma after adjusting for weight status and deprivation index (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67-0.82).
Obesity in children aged 4 to 5 years carries an increased risk of developing asthma. Anthropometric measurements obtained through standardised population-level surveillance programmes enable important research which would not be possible otherwise and expanding these programmes to older age groups is recommended. Lifestyle interventions aimed at weight loss may have a role in decreasing the risk of developing asthma.
肥胖和哮喘是儿童中最常见的两种疾病，在过去几十年中其患病率有所上升。几项横断面研究为这两种疾病之间的正相关提供了有力证据。然而，很少有纵向研究考察它们之间的时间关系。
研究入学起始年龄时的体重指数（BMI）与儿童后期患支气管哮喘风险之间的关系。
我们使用了4至5岁儿童的人体测量数据，这些数据是作为威尔士一项国家监测计划的一部分获得的，并与安全匿名信息链接（SAIL）数据库提供的可信研究环境中的多个群体水平纵向行政和临床数据集相关联，以研究4至5岁时的肥胖是否与在九年随访期内有哮喘确诊记录的风险增加有关。
在纳入研究的22790名儿童中，7%在人体测量后的九年内有哮喘确诊记录。被归类为肥胖（体重指数[BMI]Z评分≥第98百分位数）的儿童有哮喘确诊记录的风险增加41%（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.41；95%置信区间[CI]：1.17 - 1.7）。在调整体重状况和贫困指数后，女性有哮喘确诊记录的可能性降低26%（aOR：0.74；95%CI：0.67 - 0.82）。
4至5岁儿童肥胖会增加患哮喘的风险。通过标准化的群体水平监测计划获得的人体测量数据有助于开展重要研究，否则这些研究将无法进行，建议将这些计划扩展到年龄更大的群体。旨在减肥的生活方式干预可能在降低患哮喘风险方面发挥作用。
