Hou Haijia, Liu Xuejian, Liu Jun, Wang Yudong
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Feb;289:138620. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138620. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
Recent developments in biomimetic nanoparticles, specifically carbohydrate polymer-coated cell membrane nanoparticles, have demonstrated considerable promise in treating cancer. These systems improve drug delivery by imitating natural cell actions, enhancing biocompatibility, and decreasing immune clearance. Conventional drug delivery methods frequently face challenges with non-specific dispersal and immune detection, which can hinder their efficiency and safety. These biomimetic nanoparticles improve target specificity, retention times, and therapeutic efficiency by using biological components like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginate. Chitosan-based nanoparticles, which come from polysaccharides found in nature, have self-assembly abilities that make them better drug carriers. Hyaluronic acid helps target tissues more effectively, especially in cancer environments where there are high levels of hyaluronic acid receptors. Alginate-based systems also enhance drug delivery by being biocompatible and degradable, making them ideal choices for advanced therapeutic uses. Moreover, these particles hold potential for overcoming resistance to multiple drugs and boosting the body's immune reaction to tumors through precise delivery and decreased side effects of chemotherapy drugs. This review delves into the possibilities of using carbohydrate polymer-functionalized nanoparticles and their impact on enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment.
仿生纳米颗粒，特别是碳水化合物聚合物包被的细胞膜纳米颗粒，最近的发展在癌症治疗方面显示出了巨大的潜力。这些系统通过模仿天然细胞行为、增强生物相容性和减少免疫清除来改善药物递送。传统的药物递送方法经常面临非特异性分散和免疫检测的挑战，这可能会阻碍它们的效率和安全性。这些仿生纳米颗粒通过使用壳聚糖、透明质酸和藻酸盐等生物成分来提高靶标特异性、保留时间和治疗效率。基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒来源于自然界中发现的多糖，具有自组装能力，使其成为更好的药物载体。透明质酸有助于更有效地靶向组织，特别是在透明质酸受体水平较高的癌症环境中。基于藻酸盐的系统也通过具有生物相容性和可降解性来增强药物递送，使其成为先进治疗用途的理想选择。此外，这些颗粒有潜力通过精确递送和减少化疗药物的副作用来克服对多种药物的耐药性，并增强机体对肿瘤的免疫反应。本综述深入探讨了使用碳水化合物聚合物功能化纳米颗粒的可能性及其对提高癌症治疗疗效的影响。
