De La Mare Jessica K, Taylor Maisie G, Lee Anthony J
Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland.
Arch Sex Behav. 2025 Mar;54(3):1233-1244. doi: 10.1007/s10508-024-03046-6. Epub 2024 Dec 14.
People use cues of facial gender typicality when making sexual orientation judgements, where gender typical faces (masculine men and feminine women) are more likely to be judged as heterosexual and gender atypical faces (feminine men and masculine women) are judged as non-heterosexual. Individual differences in the belief of associated stereotypes have been shown to influence how these stereotypes are used to make social judgments of others; therefore, across two studies, we tested whether the strength of beliefs in gender stereotypes impacted how facial gender typicality cues were used when making sexual orientation judgements. In both Study 1 and 2 (n = 283 and 219, respectively), participants made sexual orientation judgements of 80 faces (40 male, 40 female) that varied in gender typicality and completed a measure of belief in gender stereotypes. In Study 2, participants also completed a sexual prejudice measure. In line with predictions, both studies found that the strength in belief of gender stereotypes significantly moderated the use of facial gender typicality cues when making sexual orientation judgements. Participants with a greater belief in gender stereotypes were more likely to judge a face as heterosexual as gender typicality increased. In Study 2, the association between sexual prejudice and use of gender typicality cues was fully mediated by beliefs in gender role stereotypes. These results highlight the importance of considering individual differences of the perceiver and how they can interact with cues from a target, particularly when making sexual orientation judgements.
人们在进行性取向判断时会使用面部性别典型性线索,其中性别典型的面孔(男性化的男性和女性化的女性)更有可能被判断为异性恋,而性别非典型的面孔(女性化的男性和男性化的女性)则被判断为非异性恋。研究表明,对相关刻板印象的信念存在个体差异,这会影响这些刻板印象如何被用于对他人进行社会判断;因此,在两项研究中,我们测试了性别刻板印象信念的强度是否会影响在进行性取向判断时对面部性别典型性线索的使用。在研究1和研究2中(分别有n = 283人和219人),参与者对80张面孔(40名男性,40名女性)进行性取向判断,这些面孔的性别典型性各不相同,并完成了一项关于性别刻板印象信念的测量。在研究2中,参与者还完成了一项性偏见测量。与预测一致,两项研究均发现,在进行性取向判断时,性别刻板印象信念的强度显著调节了对面部性别典型性线索的使用。对性别刻板印象信念更强的参与者,随着面孔性别典型性的增加,更有可能将其判断为异性恋。在研究2中,性偏见与性别典型性线索使用之间的关联完全由性别角色刻板印象信念介导。这些结果凸显了考虑感知者个体差异以及这些差异如何与来自目标的线索相互作用的重要性,尤其是在进行性取向判断时。