Tang Wang-Qing, Wang Tuan-Tuan, Miao Jiang-Wei, Tan Hua-Dong, Zhang Hong-Jin, Guo Tuan-Qi, Chen Zhong-Bing, Wu Chun-Yuan, Mo Ling, Mai Bi-Xian, Wang Sai
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Environ Res. 2025 Feb 1;266:120590. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120590. Epub 2024 Dec 14.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted considerable attention because of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation potential. With the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port and the rapid development of economy, environmental pollution on Hainan Island is becoming increasingly prominent. PFASs have been detected in the seawater and sediments of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island. As the receiving water of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and industrial wastewater, rivers are inevitably contaminated by PFASs. However, few studies have focused on PFAS pollution in three large rivers (the Nandu, Changhua, and Wanquan rivers) on Hainan Island. In the present study, the pollution status, potential sources, and ecological risks of PFASs in these three major rivers were explored. Perfluorobutanonic acid (PFBA) (48.7%) was found to be the major PFASs in the surface waters, and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (19.7%) was the major PFASs in the sediments of the three major rivers. The concentrations of ∑PFASs in the upper-midstream region were low due to minimal human influence and increased in the middle-lower reaches with increasing industrial activity and urbanization, whereas decreased at downstream sites near estuaries where river water was diluted with seawater. WWTP effluent, industrial wastewater discharge, the application and discharge of aqueous fire-fighting foam, storm runoff and landfill leachate were the major sources of PFASs in the three major rivers. In surface water, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFODA) posed low-moderate risks at 5.71-85.6% of the sampling sites. PFASs in the sediment posed no ecological risk. This study provides key data regarding the pollution status and potential sources of PFASs in large rivers on subtropical islands.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）因其毒性、持久性和生物累积潜力而备受关注。随着海南自由贸易港的建设和经济的快速发展，海南岛的环境污染问题日益突出。在海南岛红树林生态系统的海水和沉积物中已检测到PFASs。作为污水处理厂（WWTPs）和工业废水的受纳水体，河流不可避免地受到PFASs的污染。然而，很少有研究关注海南岛三大河流（南渡江、昌化江和万泉河）中的PFAS污染。在本研究中，对这三条主要河流中PFASs的污染状况、潜在来源和生态风险进行了探索。研究发现，全氟丁酸（PFBA）（48.7%）是地表水中主要的PFASs，全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA）（19.7%）是三大河流沉积物中主要的PFASs。由于人类影响最小，三大河流中上游地区的∑PFASs浓度较低，随着工业活动和城市化程度的增加，中下游地区的浓度升高，而在河口附近的下游地区，由于河水被海水稀释，浓度降低。污水处理厂出水、工业废水排放、水成膜泡沫灭火剂的使用和排放、暴雨径流和垃圾渗滤液是三大河流中PFASs的主要来源。在地表水方面，全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）和全氟十八烷酸（PFODA）在5.71 - 85.6%的采样点构成低 - 中度风险。沉积物中的PFASs没有生态风险。本研究提供了有关亚热带岛屿大型河流中PFASs污染状况和潜在来源的关键数据。
