Satriaji Ferlian Vida, Le Tong Cat Tuong, Marlina Nelly, Lin Yan, Dat Nguyen Duy, Bui Ha Manh, Horie Yoshifumi, Jiang Jheng-Jie
Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE), Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
Toxics. 2025 May 26;13(6):435. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060435.
This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Daku River, Taoyuan, with a particular focus on source apportionment and associated ecological and human health risks. The total PFAS concentrations ranged from below the detection limits to 185 ng/L, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) emerging as the predominant compound, followed by perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). Elevated PFAS levels were observed downstream of the confluence between the Daku River and Litouzhou ditch, suggesting contributions from industrial activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were employed to identify important components and factors that explain different compounds. Factor 1 (dominated by PFUnA) was attributed to sources such as food packaging and textiles. Factor 2 (PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) originated from agricultural inputs and wastewater discharges linked to the semiconductor and photonics industries. Factor 3 (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA) was primarily associated with fluoropolymer manufacturing, electronics, chemical engineering, machinery, and coating production. Ecological risk assessments showed no significant threats (RQ < 0.1) for PFBS, PFPA, PFNA, PFOS, and PFDA. Human health risk evaluations based on the Health Risk Index (HRI < 1), likewise, indicated negligible risk from crop and vegetable consumption in the Daku River area. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring and targeted pollution management strategies to safeguard environmental quality and public health.
本研究调查了桃园大堀溪中全氟烷基物质（PFASs）的时空分布，特别关注其来源分配以及相关的生态和人类健康风险。PFAS的总浓度范围从低于检测限到185纳克/升，其中全氟辛酸（PFOA）是主要化合物，其次是全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）。在大堀溪与犁头洲排水沟交汇处下游观察到PFAS水平升高，表明工业活动有贡献。采用主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）来识别解释不同化合物的重要成分和因素。因子1（以全氟壬酸为主）归因于食品包装和纺织品等来源。因子2（PFBS、全氟己烷磺酸、全氟辛烷磺酸）源自与半导体和光子学行业相关的农业投入和废水排放。因子3（PFOA、全氟萘酸、全氟癸二酸）主要与含氟聚合物制造、电子、化学工程、机械和涂料生产有关。生态风险评估表明，PFBS、全氟丙酸、全氟萘酸、全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟癸二酸没有显著威胁（风险商数<0.1）。同样，基于健康风险指数（HRI<1）的人类健康风险评估表明，大堀溪地区作物和蔬菜消费带来的风险可忽略不计。这些发现强调了持续监测和有针对性的污染管理策略对于保障环境质量和公众健康的重要性。
