Shu Li, Fan Pianpian, Chen Yuanzhi, Tang Weifeng, Liu Zhiwei, Luo Zhong-Cheng, Ouyang Fengxiu
Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.
Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chemosphere. 2025 Feb;370:143954. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143954. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Environmental phenols are a group of typical endocrine disruptors, and widely detectable in human breast milk and infant formulas. However, exposures data are scarce in early infancy, a particularly sensitive period to environmental pollutants exposures. We aimed to prospectively assess urinary concentrations of eighteen environmental phenols in infants from birth to 6 months of age and their associations with feeding patterns (breastfeeding, formula and mixed-feeding). This study included 197 mother-infant pairs. Urinary concentrations of six parabens (PBs), seven bisphenols, four benzophenones (BPs) and triclosan were measured in infants at the ages of 3 days, 42 days, 3 and 6 months by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between infant feeding types and urinary phenol concentrations in log-transformed scale. The detection rates of bisphenol A and S, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MeP), ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EtP), and propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PrP) were persistently high (ranged 48.7%-100.0%) across all ages (3 days, 42 days, 3 and 6 months). The detection rates of bisphenol P, B and AP were high (ranged 76.9%-95.9%) at age 3 days, and lower (14.4%-88.0%) at later ages. Compared to exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding was associated with 0.32 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.62, p < 0.05) higher log (BPA) (μg/g creatinine) at 42 days, 0.69 (0.03, 1.35) higher log (TCS) (μg/g creatinine) at 3 months, 0.54 (0.08, 1.00) higher log (EtP) (μg/g creatinine) at 6 months; formula feeding was associated with 1.30 (0.59, 2.00) and 0.91 (0.22, 1.60) higher log (BPB) (μg/g creatinine) at the age of 42 days and 3 months respectively, 1.19 (0.003-2.37) higher log (BPP) and 0.95 (0.27-1.64) higher log (BPS) (μg/g creatinine) at 3 months. In conclusion, exposures to BPA and its analogs, and parabens (MeP, EtP, and PrP) were extensive in early postnatal life of infants. Breastfeeding might be a safer form of feeding for infants against exposure to some phenols.
环境酚类是一类典型的内分泌干扰物，在人母乳和婴儿配方奶粉中广泛可检测到。然而，在婴儿早期这一对环境污染物暴露特别敏感的时期，暴露数据却很匮乏。我们旨在前瞻性评估出生至6个月大婴儿尿液中18种环境酚类的浓度及其与喂养方式（母乳喂养、配方奶喂养和混合喂养）的关联。本研究纳入了197对母婴。采用高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（HPLC - MS/MS）测定了197名婴儿在3日龄、42日龄、3个月和6个月龄时尿液中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯（PBs）、7种双酚、4种二苯甲酮（BPs）和三氯生的浓度。应用多变量线性回归模型评估婴儿喂养类型与对数转换尺度下尿液酚类浓度之间的关联。双酚A和S、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）在所有年龄段（3日龄、42日龄、3个月和6个月）的检出率一直很高（范围为48.7% - 100.0%）。双酚P、B和AP在3日龄时的检出率较高（范围为76.9% - 95.9%），而在随后的年龄阶段较低（14.4% - 88.0%）。与纯母乳喂养相比，混合喂养与42日龄时对数（双酚A）（μg/g肌酐）高0.32（95%可信区间：0.01，0.62，p < 0.05）、3个月龄时对数（三氯生）（μg/g肌酐）高0.69（0.03，1.35）、6个月龄时对数（对羟基苯甲酸乙酯）（μg/g肌酐）高0.54（0.08，1.00）相关；配方奶喂养分别与42日龄和3个月龄时对数（二苯甲酮B）（μg/g肌酐）高1.30（0.59，2.00）和0.91（0.22，1.60）相关，3个月龄时对数（双酚P）高1.19（0.003 - 2.37）、对数（双酚S）（μg/g肌酐）高0.95（0.27 - 1.64）。总之，婴儿出生后早期广泛暴露于双酚A及其类似物以及对羟基苯甲酸酯（MeP、EtP和PrP）。母乳喂养可能是婴儿抵御某些酚类暴露的更安全喂养方式。
