Saladin Siriel, Boies Adam, Giorio Chiara
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2024 Nov 24;11(12):1296-1307. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00792. eCollection 2024 Dec 10.
Tires are a ubiquitous part of on-road transport systems serving as the critical connecting component at the interface of the motive power and road surface. While tires are essential to automobile function, the wear of tires as a source of particulate air pollution is still poorly understood. The variety of reported emissions found in the secondary literature motivated us to summarize all known mass-based tire wear emission factors for light-duty vehicles in primary research. When excluding road wear and resuspension, mean emissions of 1.1 mg/km/vehicle (median 0.2 mg/km/vehicle) were found for tire wear PM and mean emissions of 2.7 mg/km/vehicle (median 1.1 mg/km/vehicle) when including studies with resuspended tire wear. Notably, these factors are substantially lower than broadly cited and accepted factors in the secondary literature with mean emissions of 6.5 mg/km/vehicle (median 6.1 mg/km/vehicle). As revealed by our analysis, secondary literature reports emission factors systematically higher than those of the primary sources on which they are based. This divergence is due to misunderstandings and misquotations that have been prevalent since the year 1995. Currently accepted mass-based emission factors for directly emitted airborne tire wear particles need revision, including those from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the European Environment Agency.
轮胎是道路运输系统中无处不在的一部分，是动力与路面之间的关键连接部件。虽然轮胎对汽车功能至关重要，但作为颗粒物空气污染来源的轮胎磨损仍未得到充分理解。二次文献中报道的各种排放促使我们总结主要研究中所有已知的轻型车辆基于质量的轮胎磨损排放因子。排除道路磨损和再悬浮后，轮胎磨损颗粒物的平均排放量为1.1毫克/公里/车辆（中位数为0.2毫克/公里/车辆），包括再悬浮轮胎磨损研究时的平均排放量为2.7毫克/公里/车辆（中位数为1.1毫克/公里/车辆）。值得注意的是，这些因子远低于二次文献中广泛引用和接受的因子，后者的平均排放量为6.5毫克/公里/车辆（中位数为6.1毫克/公里/车辆）。我们的分析表明，二次文献报道的排放因子系统性地高于其所基于的原始文献中的排放因子。这种差异是由于自1995年以来一直普遍存在的误解和错误引用造成的。目前被接受的直接排放的空气中轮胎磨损颗粒基于质量的排放因子需要修订，包括美国环境保护局和欧洲环境局的排放因子。
