Inter-organ communication: pathways and targets to cardioprotection and neuro-protection. A report from the 12th Hatter Cardiovascular Institute workshop.

A long-standing aim in the setting of various pathologies including acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ischaemic stroke, has been to identify successful approaches to augment cellular and organ protection. Although the continual evolution and refinement of ideas over the past few decades has allowed the field to progress, we are yet to realise successful clinical translation of this concept. The 12th Hatter Cardiovascular Workshop identified a number of important points and key questions for future research relating to cardio- and neuro-protection and interorgan communication. Specific topics that were discussed include the 'cardio-metabolic-renal' axis of organ protection, the parasympathetic signalling hypothesis, the role of the coronary microvasculature in myocardial infarction, the RISK pathway of cardioprotection, extracellular vesicles and the way forward, the future for clinical studies of remote ischaemic conditioning, and new experimental models for cardio-oncology investigations.