Shang Xiuguo, Cui Yingjie, Shang Chaoyue, Gao Kaiguo, Chen Yujuan, Quan Yaodong
Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 25;14(23):3389. doi: 10.3390/ani14233389.
This study aims to investigate the effects of fermented soybean hulls (FSHS) on reproductive performance, plasma biochemical profiles, immune parameters, and fecal microbiota in sows. A total of 325 sows were randomized into five groups, each fed a diet with varying FSHS proportions: 0% (control), 2% (FSHS2), 4% (FSHS4), 6% (FSHS6), and 8% (FSHS8). Diets were prepared by replacing conventional soybean hulls with FSHS in equal amounts. The study lasted from day 30 to day 110 of gestation. The results indicated the following: (1) Reproductive Performance: The number of live piglets per litter, newborn litter weight, and individual piglet weight increased linearly with the increase in FSHS addition in the diet (P < 0.05). A trend toward reduced farrowing duration was observed when FSHS was added to the diet (P = 0.076). FSHS improved newborn weight and weight variation compared to the control when FSHS was added to the diet (P < 0.05). Replacing soybean hulls with FSHS also increased fecal scores, enhancing fecal consistency and alleviating constipation ( < 0.01). (2) Plasma Biochemical Indicators: Plasma urea concentration on day 60 decreased linearly with increasing FSHS (P < 0.05). Plasma total protein and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities showed quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on day 60 and 90 of gestation, while alkaline phosphatase activity on day 90 showed a quadratic trend (P = 0.082). (3) Hormone Levels: Plasma insulin and adrenaline levels exhibited quadratic effects on day 60 and 90 of gestation, respectively (P < 0.05). (4) Immune Parameters: Plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) levels increased linearly with FSHS proportion on day 60 (P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed on day 90 ( > 0.05). (5) Fecal Microbiota: On day 90, the abundance of actinobacteriota increased quadratically with FSHS levels (P < 0.05), while bacteroidota decreased linearly (P < 0.05). During parturition, actinobacteriota abundance continued to increase linearly (P < 0.05). Notably, the FSHS8 group had higher actinobacteriota abundance compared to the control group ( = 0.05). At the genus level, terrisporobacter showed a quadratic increase and then decrease (P < 0.05), while ruminococcus showed a quadratic decrease and then increased (P < 0.05). Both terrisporobacter in the FSHS2 and FSHS6 groups and ruminococcus in the FSHS8 group were more abundant compared to the control ( < 0.01). Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with FSHS increased fecal microbial diversity, alleviated the incidence of constipation, and ultimately improved sow reproductive performance. The recommended optimal addition of FSHS to the sow diet is 6%.
本研究旨在探讨发酵大豆皮（FSHS）对母猪繁殖性能、血浆生化指标、免疫参数及粪便微生物群的影响。总共325头母猪被随机分为五组，每组饲喂含不同比例FSHS的日粮：0%（对照组）、2%（FSHS2）、4%（FSHS4）、6%（FSHS6）和8%（FSHS8）。通过等量用FSHS替代传统大豆皮来配制日粮。研究从妊娠第30天持续到第110天。结果表明：（1）繁殖性能：每窝活仔猪数、新生仔猪窝重和个体仔猪体重随日粮中FSHS添加量的增加呈线性增加（P<0.05）。日粮中添加FSHS时观察到产仔持续时间有缩短趋势（P = 0.076）。与对照组相比，日粮中添加FSHS时可提高新生仔猪体重和体重均匀度（P<0.05）。用FSHS替代大豆皮还增加了粪便评分，改善了粪便稠度并缓解了便秘（P<0.01）。（2）血浆生化指标：妊娠第60天时，血浆尿素浓度随FSHS增加呈线性下降（P<0.05）。妊娠第60天和第90天时，血浆总蛋白和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性呈二次效应（P<0.05），而妊娠第90天时碱性磷酸酶活性呈二次趋势（P = 0.082）。（3）激素水平：妊娠第60天和第90天时，血浆胰岛素和肾上腺素水平分别呈二次效应（P<0.05）。（4）免疫参数：妊娠第60天时，血浆免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和M（IgM）水平随FSHS比例呈线性增加（P<0.05），但第90天时未观察到显著变化（P>0.05）。（5）粪便微生物群：第90天时，放线菌门丰度随FSHS水平呈二次增加（P<0.05），而拟杆菌门呈线性下降（P<0.05）。分娩期间，放线菌门丰度继续呈线性增加（P<0.05）。值得注意的是，FSHS8组的放线菌门丰度高于对照组（P = 0.05）。在属水平上，地芽孢杆菌呈二次增加然后减少（P<0.05），而瘤胃球菌呈二次减少然后增加（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，FSHS2组和FSHS6组的地芽孢杆菌以及FSHS8组的瘤胃球菌丰度更高（P<0.01）。结论：日粮中添加FSHS可增加粪便微生物多样性，缓解便秘发生率，并最终提高母猪繁殖性能。建议母猪日粮中FSHS的最佳添加量为6%。
