Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota, Turska-Szybka Anna, Studnicki Marcin, Piekoszewska-Ziętek Paula
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Biometry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;14(23):2690. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14232690.
Gingivitis manifests as redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gingiva but no loss of connective tissue attachment. It is usually painless and rarely leads to spontaneous bleeding, and most patients are unaware of the disease or are unable to recognize it. In children and adolescents, it is most often caused by plaque accumulation. The purpose of the following study was to determine the prevalence of gingivitis and its causes in children aged 3 to 7 years.
Patients were classed in the following three age groups: 3-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and 7-year-olds, who were generally healthy, not taking permanent medication, and without developmental defects of dentition were eligible for the study. A questionnaire survey assessed socioeconomic factors, frequency of dental visits, and hygiene and dietary habits. The clinical examination assessed the condition of the teeth based on dmft/DMFT, and the presence of gingivitis was based on the bleeding on probing. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis.
A total of 3558 patients were examined. Gingivitis was present in 436 (12.25%) of the patients. In the group of 3-year-olds, gingivitis was significantly more common in boys ( = 0.0024). There were significant positive correlations between gingivitis and the average number of teeth affected by caries for the male gender in the group of 5- and 7-year-olds and in all age groups with dmft/DMFT > 0 values and the occurrence of symptomatic visits.
The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 3-7 years is influenced by socioeconomic, oral hygiene, and diet-related factors. Poor dental health predisposes to the occurrence of gingivitis.
牙龈炎表现为牙龈发红、肿胀和出血，但结缔组织附着无丧失。通常无痛，很少导致自发性出血，大多数患者未意识到该疾病或无法识别。在儿童和青少年中，最常见的病因是牙菌斑堆积。以下研究的目的是确定3至7岁儿童牙龈炎的患病率及其病因。
患者分为以下三个年龄组：3岁、5岁和7岁，一般健康、未服用长效药物且无牙列发育缺陷者符合研究条件。通过问卷调查评估社会经济因素、看牙频率以及卫生和饮食习惯。临床检查根据dmft/DMFT评估牙齿状况，根据探诊出血情况判断是否存在牙龈炎。对所得结果进行统计分析。
共检查了3558名患者。436名（12.25%）患者存在牙龈炎。在3岁组中，男孩患牙龈炎的情况明显更常见（P = 0.0024）。在5岁和7岁组以及所有dmft/DMFT > 0值的年龄组中，男性牙龈炎与患龋平均牙数以及有症状就诊次数之间存在显著正相关。
3至7岁儿童牙龈炎的患病率受社会经济、口腔卫生和饮食相关因素影响。口腔健康状况不佳易引发牙龈炎。
