Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Nutr Res. 2023 Jun;114:50-70. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.004. Epub 2023 Apr 20.
The growing rates of obesity worldwide call for intervention strategies to help control the pathophysiological consequences of weight gain. The use of natural foods and bioactive compounds has been suggested as such a strategy because of their recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For example, polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, are candidates for managing obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Obesity is well known for the presence of metainflammation, which has been labeled as an inflammatory activation that leads to a variety of metabolic disorders, usually related to increased oxidative stress. Considering this, anthocyanins may be promising natural compounds able to modulate several intracellular mechanisms, mitigating oxidative stress and metainflammation. A wide variety of foods and extracts rich in anthocyanins have become the focus of research in the field of obesity. Here, we bring together the current knowledge regarding the use of anthocyanins as an intervention tested in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials to modulate metainflammation. Most recent research applies a wide variety of extracts and natural sources of anthocyanins, in diverse experimental models, which represents a limitation of the research field. However, the literature is sufficiently consistent to establish that the in-depth molecular analysis of gut microbiota, insulin signaling, TLR4-triggered inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways reveals their modulation by anthocyanins. These targets are interconnected at the cellular level and interact with one another, leading to obesity-associated metainflammation. Thus, the positive findings with anthocyanins observed in preclinical models might directly relate to the positive outcomes in clinical studies. In summary and based on the entirety of the relevant literature, anthocyanins can mitigate obesity-related perturbations in gut microbiota, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may contribute as a therapeutic tool in people living with obesity.
全球肥胖率的不断上升要求采取干预策略来帮助控制体重增加的病理生理后果。由于天然食物和生物活性化合物具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，因此有人建议使用这些食物和化合物作为干预策略。例如，多酚，尤其是花色苷，是管理肥胖及其相关代谢紊乱的候选物质。众所周知，肥胖存在着代谢炎症，这种炎症被标记为一种炎症激活，可导致多种代谢紊乱，通常与氧化应激增加有关。考虑到这一点，花色苷可能是一种很有前途的天然化合物，能够调节多种细胞内机制，减轻氧化应激和代谢炎症。富含花色苷的各种食物和提取物已成为肥胖领域研究的焦点。在这里，我们汇集了目前关于花色苷作为干预措施的研究知识，这些干预措施已经在体外、体内和临床试验中进行了测试，以调节代谢炎症。最近的研究应用了各种各样的提取物和花色苷的天然来源，在不同的实验模型中进行了研究，这是该研究领域的一个局限性。然而，文献足够一致，可以确定对肠道微生物群、胰岛素信号、TLR4 触发的炎症和氧化应激途径的深入分子分析揭示了花色苷对它们的调节作用。这些靶点在细胞水平上相互关联并相互作用，导致肥胖相关的代谢炎症。因此，在临床前模型中观察到花色苷的积极作用可能直接与临床研究中的积极结果相关。总之，基于相关文献的全部内容，花色苷可以减轻与肥胖相关的肠道微生物群、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激和炎症的紊乱，因此可能作为肥胖人群的治疗工具。
