Economides Andreas L, Islam Md Niamul, Baxevanakis Konstantinos P
Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Nov 28;16(23):3336. doi: 10.3390/polym16233336.
This study investigates the quasi-static and viscoelastic properties of additively manufactured (AM) PETG reinforced with short carbon fibres. Samples were manufactured using different parameters in terms of the infill pattern, porosity, and annealing condition. Tensile and compressive tests were conducted to determine quasi-static properties such as Young's modulus and toughness, and dynamic mechanical analysis was used under a frequency sweep of 1-100 Hz to describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the composites. The major impacts and responses between the print parameters were quantified using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), which revealed the major contributor to each mechanical property. Fractography on the tensile samples using scanning electron microscopy demonstrated fibre pull-out, indicating poor fibre-matrix bonding, but also revealed interfacial bonding between raster lines in the annealed samples. This had a prominent effect on the properties of latitudinal samples where the force applied was perpendicular to the raster lines. Generally, porosity appeared to have the greatest contribution to the variance in the mechanical properties, with the exception of the tensile modulus, where the infill pattern had a more substantial effect. Annealing caused a consistent increase in the tensile modulus of the tested samples, which can be used to support the design and optimisation of AM parts when they are used under specific loading conditions.
本研究调查了短碳纤维增强增材制造(AM)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯二醇酯(PETG)的准静态和粘弹性特性。样品采用不同的参数制造,涉及填充图案、孔隙率和退火条件。进行拉伸和压缩试验以确定诸如杨氏模量和韧性等准静态特性,并在1 - 100 Hz频率扫描下使用动态力学分析来描述复合材料的粘弹性行为。使用方差分析(ANOVA)对打印参数之间的主要影响和响应进行了量化,这揭示了每种力学性能的主要贡献因素。使用扫描电子显微镜对拉伸样品进行断口分析,结果表明存在纤维拔出,这表明纤维与基体的粘结性较差,但也揭示了退火样品中光栅线之间的界面粘结。这对横向样品的性能有显著影响,在横向样品中,施加的力垂直于光栅线。一般来说,孔隙率似乎对力学性能的变化贡献最大,但拉伸模量除外,在拉伸模量方面,填充图案的影响更大。退火使测试样品的拉伸模量持续增加,这可用于在特定加载条件下使用增材制造零件时支持其设计和优化。