Qin Yi, Qiao Jianxin, Chi Shuai, Tian Huichun, Zhang Zexu, Liu He
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering, Beijing 100076, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 2;17(23):5903. doi: 10.3390/ma17235903.
In the past decade, 4D printing has received attention in the aerospace, automotive, robotics, and biomedical fields due to its lightweight structure and high productivity. Combining stimulus-responsive materials with 3D printing technology, which enables controllable changes in shape and mechanical properties, is a new technology for building smart bearing structures. A multilayer smart truss structural component with self-sensing function is designed, and an internal stress calibration strategy is established to better adapt to asymmetric loads. A material system consisting of continuous carbon fibers and polylactic acid was constructed, and an isosceles trapezoidal structure was chosen as the basic configuration of the smart component. The self-inductive properties are described by analyzing the relationship between the pressure applied to the specimen and the change in the specimen's own resistance. Load-carrying capacity is realized by electrically heating the continuous carbon fibers in the component. Thermal deformation calibrates internal stress and enhances the load-carrying ability of the component over 50%. The experimental results demonstrate that the truss structure designed in this paper has strong self-induction, self-driving ability, and asymmetric load adaptation ability at the same time. This verifies that the 4D-printed smart component can be used as a load-carrying element, which broadens the application scope of smart components.
在过去十年中，4D打印因其轻质结构和高生产率而在航空航天、汽车、机器人和生物医学领域受到关注。将刺激响应材料与3D打印技术相结合，能够实现形状和力学性能的可控变化，这是一种构建智能承载结构的新技术。设计了一种具有自感应功能的多层智能桁架结构部件，并建立了内部应力校准策略以更好地适应不对称载荷。构建了由连续碳纤维和聚乳酸组成的材料体系，并选择等腰梯形结构作为智能部件的基本构型。通过分析施加在试样上的压力与试样自身电阻变化之间的关系来描述自感应特性。通过对部件中的连续碳纤维进行电加热来实现承载能力。热变形校准内部应力，并使部件的承载能力提高50%以上。实验结果表明，本文设计的桁架结构同时具有较强的自感应、自驱动能力和不对称载荷适应能力。这验证了4D打印智能部件可用作承载元件，拓宽了智能部件的应用范围。
