Hardecker David J K, Schmitz Julian
Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2024 Apr 24;17(4):1035-1039. doi: 10.1007/s40653-024-00638-1. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This comment discusses the article of Balder and Linden (2022), who debate the existence and role of embitterment in child and adolescent psychopathology. This topic appears highly relevant, but broader literature should be integrated when talking about embitterment. First, we question the conceptualization of embitterment as an emotion. We conceptualize it as a long-term emotion episode that stems from events involving severe and unresolved hurt feelings, also referred to as attachment injuries and narcissistic injuries. When overly intense, they might lead to PTED. In contrast to Balder and Linden (2022), we argue that specific psychotherapeutic treatments exist. Nonetheless, we join Balder and Linden (2022) in calling for more attention for embitterment and hurt feelings and their role in developmental psychopathology.
本评论讨论了巴尔德和林登（2022年）的文章，他们对儿童和青少年精神病理学中痛苦情绪的存在及作用展开了辩论。这个话题似乎高度相关，但在谈论痛苦情绪时，应纳入更广泛的文献。首先，我们质疑将痛苦情绪概念化为一种情感。我们将其概念化为一种长期的情感发作，它源于涉及严重且未解决的受伤感受的事件，这些事件也被称为依恋伤害和自恋伤害。当这些感受过于强烈时，可能会导致创伤后情绪障碍（PTED）。与巴尔德和林登（2022年）不同，我们认为存在特定的心理治疗方法。尽管如此，我们与巴尔德和林登（2022年）一样，呼吁更多地关注痛苦情绪和受伤感受及其在发展性精神病理学中的作用。
