Crowcroft Natasha S, Minta Anna A, Antoni Sebastien, Ho Lee Lee, Perea William, Mulders Mick N, Bose Anindya Sekhar, Wallace Aaron, Blanc Diana Chang, O'Connor Patrick M
World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2024 Dec 16;48:e90. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2024.90. eCollection 2024.
Measles and rubella have long been recognized as priorities for disease prevention because of their devastating consequences for child health; hence, all World Health Organization (WHO) regions currently have a goal to eliminate measles and four out of six WHO regions have a goal to eliminate rubella. Significant global progress has been made in the twenty-first century, with more than 40% of countries in the world verified by a Regional Verification Commission as having eliminated measles and more than 50% of countries having sustained rubella elimination. Making further progress will require addressing fundamental gaps in health systems, a particular challenge in the current global context where many countries face multiple barriers to both sustaining and achieving measles and rubella elimination. These challenges require a strategic shift toward a holistic approach that embeds immunization at the center of primary health care at all levels, which will have broad benefits beyond preventing measles and rubella. Progress will be supported through technological innovations such as microarray patch vaccines. Whether this holistic approach will be more effective than vertical initiatives at achieving measles and rubella elimination remains to be seen. Measles is so infectious and its immediate impact so visible on individuals and health systems that any weaknesses in global or national strategy are immediately evident. The tools exist to prevent every death from measles and every case of congenital rubella syndrome. Countries and partners - at all levels - share accountability for ensuring children are protected from these entirely preventable diseases.
长期以来,麻疹和风疹一直被视为疾病预防的重点,因为它们会对儿童健康造成严重后果;因此,世界卫生组织(WHO)的所有区域目前都有消除麻疹的目标,六个WHO区域中有四个有消除风疹的目标。21世纪全球已取得重大进展,世界上超过40%的国家经区域核实委员会核实已消除麻疹,超过50%的国家持续维持风疹消除状态。要取得进一步进展,需要解决卫生系统的根本差距,在当前全球背景下这是一项特殊挑战,许多国家在维持和实现麻疹和风疹消除方面面临多重障碍。这些挑战需要战略转变,转向一种将免疫接种纳入各级初级卫生保健核心的整体方法,这将带来除预防麻疹和风疹之外的广泛益处。通过微阵列贴片疫苗等技术创新将为取得进展提供支持。这种整体方法在实现麻疹和风疹消除方面是否比垂直举措更有效还有待观察。麻疹具有很强的传染性,其对个人和卫生系统的直接影响显而易见,以至于全球或国家战略中的任何弱点都立即显现出来。现有的工具可以预防每一例麻疹死亡和每一例先天性风疹综合征病例。各国和各级合作伙伴共同承担责任,确保儿童免受这些完全可预防疾病的侵害。