Dahmani Hichem, Salhi Omar, Nabi Mustapha, Mokrani Djamel, Kaaboub El Aid, Ouchetati Imane, Ouchene Nassim, Touhami Nadjet Amina Khelifi
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, BP 270, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria.
Acta Parasitol. 2025 May 16;70(3):109. doi: 10.1007/s11686-025-01048-5.
The epidemiology of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies, varies across regions, particularly affecting tropical and subtropical areas, with significant seasonal and demographic fluctuations. This study explores the temporal, seasonal, demographic, and spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the wilaya of Medea, Algeria, from 2011 to 2020.
The epidemiological data for this retrospective study were provided by the Prevention Service of the Directorate of Public Health (DSP) in Medea.
In 2011, 248 cases were reported (28.62/10⁵ inhabitants). A significant decline occurred in 2012, with 123 cases (13.92/10⁵, p < 0.05), reaching a minimum of 61 cases in 2015 (6.50/10⁵, p < 0.01). Cases fluctuated moderately from 2016 to 2019 (p < 0.05), but 2020 saw a sharp rise to 515 cases (49.74/10⁵, p < 0.001), indicating a major epidemiological shift. Seasonal analysis revealed significant variations (p < 0.001), with winter months showing the highest incidence, particularly December (433 cases) and January (269 cases). In contrast, summer months (June: 47 cases, July: 38 cases, August: 30 cases) had the lowest numbers. Demographically, children aged under 10 years old were most affected (721 cases, p < 0.001). Men (875 cases) were more affected than women (657 cases, p < 0.05). Geographically, southern municipalities had the highest incidence (up to 31%, p < 0.001), while northern and eastern regions showed much lower rates. Some areas, like Chabounia, saw a dramatic increase in 2020 (80%, p < 0.001), while Chellalat El-Adhaoura showed a steady decline.
CL in the Medea region shows significant variations over time, seasons, and geography, mainly affecting children, men, and southern areas. These findings highlight the need for stronger surveillance, targeted actions for vulnerable groups, and increased preventive measures, especially in winter, to better control the epidemic through a One Health approach.
人类皮肤利什曼病是一种由白蛉传播的寄生虫病，其流行病学在不同地区有所不同，尤其影响热带和亚热带地区，存在显著的季节性和人口统计学波动。本研究探讨了2011年至2020年阿尔及利亚麦迪亚省皮肤利什曼病（CL）的时间、季节、人口统计学和空间分布。
这项回顾性研究的流行病学数据由麦迪亚公共卫生总局预防服务处提供。
2011年报告了248例病例（28.62/10⁵居民）。2012年病例数显著下降，为123例（13.92/10⁵，p<0.05），2015年降至最低，为61例（6.50/10⁵，p<0.01）。2016年至2019年病例数有适度波动（p<0.05），但2020年急剧上升至515例（49.74/10⁵，p<0.001），表明出现了重大的流行病学转变。季节性分析显示存在显著差异（p<0.001），冬季发病率最高，尤其是12月（433例）和1月（269例）。相比之下，夏季（6月：47例，7月：38例，8月：30例）病例数最少。从人口统计学来看，10岁以下儿童受影响最大（721例，p<0.001）。男性（875例）比女性（657例，p<0.05）受影响更大。在地理上，南部市镇发病率最高（高达31%，p<0.001），而北部和东部地区发病率低得多。一些地区，如沙布尼亚，2020年发病率急剧上升（80%，p<0.001），而谢拉拉特·埃尔-阿杜拉则呈稳步下降趋势。
麦迪亚地区的皮肤利什曼病在时间、季节和地理上存在显著差异，主要影响儿童、男性和南部地区。这些发现凸显了加强监测、针对弱势群体采取有针对性行动以及增加预防措施的必要性，尤其是在冬季，通过“同一健康”方法更好地控制疫情。
