Gong Wuyi, Zhou Kaiyong, Li Sijin, Yue Zhihang, Zhang Qiongyu, Li Yongming, Mi Xiaohui
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration and Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology and Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Tongji Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025 Apr;28(2):354-364. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12883. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
This study aimed to uncover the microbial and metabolic changes in dental plaque during orthodontic treatments with fixed appliances (FAs) and clear aligners (CAs).
Twenty participants were grouped by the treatment modality they received, with 10 participants each in the FA and CA groups. Supragingival plaques were collected before orthodontic treatment (T0), after 1-3 months (T1) and more than 6 months (T2) of orthodontic treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were employed to analyse the plaque samples.
No significant change was observed in the alpha and beta diversity at different time points and between the two treatment modalities. The relative abundance of genera Veillonella, Mogibacterium and unclassified_c__Actinobacteria, and species Actinomyces massiliensis , Prevotella pallens and Prevotella jejuni experienced the most significant changes. The most differential metabolites were amino acids, nucleosides and organoheterocyclic compounds. Compared to T0, downregulation of nucleotide metabolism at T1 and upregulation of amino acid metabolism at T2 were found in the FA group. Compared with the FA group, the CA group experienced metabolite enrichment in several immune pathways at T1, while linoleic acid metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and nucleotide metabolism were downregulated at T2 in the CA group. Significant correlations were identified between most differential plaque microorganisms and metabolites.
This study implied that exposure to FAs for more than 6 months resulted in the accumulation of oral disease-related bacteria in dental plaque and a metabolic shift towards a cariogenic state, whereas CAs could lead to a transient proinflammatory state.
本研究旨在揭示使用固定矫治器（FA）和透明矫治器（CA）进行正畸治疗期间牙菌斑中的微生物和代谢变化。
20名参与者按所接受的治疗方式分组，FA组和CA组各10名。在正畸治疗前（T0）、正畸治疗1 - 3个月后（T1）和正畸治疗6个月以上后（T2）收集龈上菌斑。采用16S rRNA基因测序和液相色谱 - 串联质谱法分析菌斑样本。
在不同时间点以及两种治疗方式之间，α和β多样性均未观察到显著变化。韦荣球菌属、栖粪杆菌属和未分类的c__放线菌纲，以及马西放线菌、苍白普雷沃菌和空肠普雷沃菌的相对丰度变化最为显著。差异最大的代谢物是氨基酸、核苷和有机杂环化合物。与T0相比，FA组在T1时核苷酸代谢下调，在T2时氨基酸代谢上调。与FA组相比，CA组在T1时几种免疫途径中的代谢物富集，而CA组在T2时亚油酸代谢、核黄素代谢和核苷酸代谢下调。在大多数差异菌斑微生物和代谢物之间发现了显著相关性。
本研究表明，暴露于FA超过6个月会导致牙菌斑中与口腔疾病相关细菌的积累以及代谢向致龋状态转变，而CA可能导致短暂的促炎状态。
