Jean Fandi, Khan Muhammad Umair, Alazzam Anas, Mohammad Baker
Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 12778, UAE.
System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 12778, UAE.
Microsyst Nanoeng. 2024 Dec 18;10(1):197. doi: 10.1038/s41378-024-00811-4.
The demand for sustainable energy sources to power small electronics like IoT devices has led to exploring innovative solutions like acoustic energy harvesting using piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). Acoustic energy harvesting leverages ambient noise, converting it into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect, where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress or vibrations. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in PENG technology, emphasizing their role in acoustic energy harvesting. We begin by discussing the essential principles of piezoelectricity and the design considerations for nanogenerators to optimize energy capture from sound waves. The discussion includes a detailed examination of various piezoelectric materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which are known for their superior piezoelectric properties. A critical aspect of this review is the exploration of innovative structural designs and resonance devices that enhance the efficiency of PENGs. We delve into the mechanisms and benefits of using Helmholtz resonators, quarter-wavelength tubes, and cantilever beams, which are instrumental in amplifying acoustic signals and improving energy conversion rates. Each device's design parameters and operational principles are scrutinized to highlight their contributions to the field. The review addresses practical applications of PENGs in various domains. Environmental monitoring systems, wearable electronics, and medical devices stand to benefit significantly from the continuous and sustainable power supplied by PENGs. These applications can reduce reliance on batteries and minimize maintenance by harnessing ambient acoustic energy, leading to more efficient and longer-lasting operations. Despite the promising potential of PENGs, several challenges remain, including material degradation, efficiency limitations, and integrating these devices into existing technological frameworks. This paper discusses these obstacles in detail and proposes potential solutions to enhance the longevity and performance of PENG systems. Innovations in material science and engineering are crucial to overcoming these hurdles and realizing the full potential of acoustic energy harvesting.
为物联网设备等小型电子产品提供动力的可持续能源需求，促使人们探索创新解决方案，如使用压电纳米发电机（PENG）进行声能收集。声能收集利用环境噪声，通过压电效应将其转化为电能，即某些材料在受到机械应力或振动时会产生电荷。本文综述对PENG技术的进展进行了全面分析，强调了它们在声能收集中的作用。我们首先讨论压电性的基本原理以及纳米发电机的设计考虑因素，以优化从声波中捕获能量。讨论内容包括对各种压电材料的详细研究，如聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）、锆钛酸铅（PZT）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线，它们以其优异的压电性能而闻名。本综述的一个关键方面是探索创新的结构设计和共振装置，以提高PENG的效率。我们深入研究了使用亥姆霍兹共振器、四分之一波长管和悬臂梁的机制和优点，这些对放大声信号和提高能量转换率很有帮助。对每个装置的设计参数和工作原理进行了仔细审查，以突出它们对该领域的贡献。综述还讨论了PENG在各个领域的实际应用。环境监测系统、可穿戴电子产品和医疗设备将从PENG提供的持续和可持续电力中受益匪浅。这些应用可以减少对电池的依赖，并通过利用环境声能将维护降至最低，从而实现更高效、更持久的运行。尽管PENG具有广阔的潜力，但仍存在一些挑战，包括材料降解、效率限制以及将这些装置集成到现有技术框架中。本文详细讨论了这些障碍，并提出了提高PENG系统寿命和性能的潜在解决方案。材料科学和工程方面的创新对于克服这些障碍和实现声能收集的全部潜力至关重要。
