Vanhelst Jérémy, Lang Justin J, Matelot David, Béghin Laurent, Carré François, Mercier Daniel, Baquet Georges, Berthoin Serge, Ovigneur Hervé, Deschamps Thibault, Oppert Jean-Michel, Tomkinson Grant R
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France.
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada.
J Sports Sci. 2024 Dec;42(24):2465-2473. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2440676. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
The aim was to estimate national temporal trends in muscular fitness for French youth between 1999 and 2023. Data were obtained from five cross-sectional studies on 53,314 children and adolescents (age range: 6-16 years). Lower- and upper-body strength were assessed by standing broad jump (SBJ) and handgrip strength (HGS). BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated using WHO growth curves. We found a statistically significant negligible decline in SBJ performance (standardised effect size (ES) trend per decade [95%CI]: -0.08 [-0.10, -0.07] or -2.1 cm [95%CI: -2.4, -1.8]) and a statistically significant negligible improvement in HGS (ES trend per decade [95%CI]: 0.11 [0.08, 0.13]) or 0.6 kg [(95%CI: 0.4, 0.8]). We found evidence of significant increases in distributional variability and asymmetry, with poorer trends in the low performers (<25 percentile) and better trends in the high performers (>75 percentile) compared to the average performers. Our data suggest negligible trends in mean SBJ and HGS, coupled with increased distributional variability and asymmetry. Trends were not uniform across the population distribution with data suggesting an increase over time in the gap between low and high performers. These results reinforce the importance of interventions and programmes aiming at improving muscular fitness specifically in children and adolescents with low muscular strength.
目的是评估1999年至2023年期间法国青少年肌肉适能的全国性时间趋势。数据来自五项针对53314名儿童和青少年（年龄范围：6 - 16岁）的横断面研究。通过立定跳远（SBJ）和握力（HGS）评估下肢和上肢力量。使用世界卫生组织生长曲线计算BMI z评分（BMIz）。我们发现SBJ表现有统计学上显著的可忽略不计的下降（每十年标准化效应量（ES）趋势[95%置信区间]：-0.08 [-0.10, -0.07]或-2.1厘米[95%置信区间：-2.4, -1.8]），以及HGS有统计学上显著的可忽略不计的改善（每十年ES趋势[95%置信区间]：0.11 [0.08, 0.13]）或0.6千克[95%置信区间：0.4, 0.8]）。我们发现分布变异性和不对称性有显著增加的证据，与平均表现者相比，表现较差者（<第25百分位数）趋势较差，表现较好者（>第75百分位数）趋势较好。我们的数据表明SBJ和HGS的平均趋势可忽略不计，同时分布变异性和不对称性增加。趋势在总体分布中并不统一，数据表明随着时间推移，表现低者和高者之间的差距在扩大。这些结果强化了针对提高肌肉适能的干预措施和项目的重要性，特别是针对肌肉力量低的儿童和青少年。
