Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):531-548. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01394-6.
The standing broad jump (SBJ) is an excellent functional measure of explosive lower-body strength that is significantly related to health among children and adolescents.
The aim of this study was to estimate national (country-level) and international (pooled global data) temporal trends in SBJ performance for children and adolescents, and to examine the relationships between national trends in SBJ performance and national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators.
Data were obtained from a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in SBJ performance for 9- to 17-year-olds, and by examining national fitness datasets. Sample-weighted regression models estimated trends at the study/dataset-country-sex-age level, with national and international trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Pearson's correlations quantified relationships between national trends in SBJ performance and national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators.
Data from 34 studies/datasets were extracted to estimate trends for 10,940,801 children and adolescents from 24 high-, 4 upper-middle-, and 1 low-income countries between 1960 and 2017. Collectively, there was a negligible (per decade) improvement in SBJ performance of 1.73 cm (95% CI 1.71-1.75), 0.99% (95% CI 0.97-1.01) or a standardized effect size of 0.07 (0.07-0.07) over the entire period, with the rate of improvement steady from the 1960s to the 1980s, slowing in the 1990s, before declining. Sex- and age-related temporal differences were negligible. Trends differed between countries, with most countries experiencing declines. National trends in SBJ performance were not significantly related to national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators.
SBJ performance of children and adolescents has declined since 2000 (at least among most of the countries in this analysis) and is suggestive of a modern decline in functional explosive lower-body strength. Growing recognition of the importance of muscular fitness as a marker of population health highlights the need for continued tracking of temporal trends in SBJ, especially among low- and lower-middle-income countries for which temporal data are lacking.
CRD42013003657.
站立跳远（SBJ）是一项极好的衡量下肢爆发力的功能性指标，与儿童和青少年的健康状况密切相关。
本研究旨在评估儿童和青少年 SBJ 表现的国家（国家级）和国际（全球汇总数据）时间趋势，并探讨 SBJ 表现的国家趋势与健康相关和社会经济/人口指标的国家趋势之间的关系。
通过系统检索报告 9 至 17 岁儿童 SBJ 表现时间趋势的研究，并检查国家健身数据集，获取数据。样本加权回归模型在研究/数据集-国家-性别-年龄水平上估计趋势，通过后分层人口加权程序估计国家和国际趋势。Pearson 相关系数量化了 SBJ 表现的国家趋势与健康相关和社会经济/人口指标的国家趋势之间的关系。
从 1960 年至 2017 年，从 24 个高收入、4 个中上收入和 1 个低收入国家的 34 项研究/数据集提取数据，以估计 10940801 名儿童和青少年的趋势。总体而言，SBJ 表现的改善微不足道（每十年增加 1.73 厘米，95%CI 为 1.71-1.75），提高了 0.99%（95%CI 为 0.97-1.01）或标准化效应量为 0.07（0.07-0.07），在整个时期内，从 20 世纪 60 年代到 80 年代，增长率稳定，90 年代增长率放缓，然后下降。性别和年龄相关的时间差异可以忽略不计。各国之间的趋势存在差异，大多数国家都出现了下降。SBJ 表现的国家趋势与健康相关和社会经济/人口指标的国家趋势没有显著关系。
自 2000 年以来，儿童和青少年的 SBJ 表现有所下降（至少在本分析中的大多数国家中），这表明功能性下肢爆发力的现代下降。肌肉健康作为人口健康标志物的重要性日益得到认识，这突显了继续跟踪 SBJ 时间趋势的必要性，尤其是在缺乏时间数据的低收入和中下收入国家。
CRD42013003657。
