Seibert Radim, Kotlík Bohumil, Kazmarová Helena, Dombek Václav, Volná Vladimíra, Hladký Daniel, Krejčí Blanka
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, K Myslivně 3/2182, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
The National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 26;10(23):e40725. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40725. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
While car exhaust emissions in the EU are clearly decreasing, the future of non-exhaust emissions looks more pessimistic. The relative importance of the latter is thus expected to increase in terms of air quality and human health. The aim of the study was to assess regional and seasonal differences in the chemical composition of road dust across the Czech Republic and the health impact of its resuspension, with special respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. The road dust samples across all regions and seasons were collected. Based on subsequent laboratory and statistical processing, the spatiotemporal distribution of elements and PAHs was evaluated. Next, the contribution of road dust resuspension to air concentrations was estimated and related health impacts were assessed. A significant regional and seasonal variations in PAHs and metals were discovered. Air quality, leading to atmospheric deposition, was the most important factor contributing to these variations. In contrast, road traffic intensity played only a minor role in influencing the concentrations of metals and PAHs in road dust. Exposure to the PM fraction of road dust led to an increase in premature mortality, postneonatal infant mortality, and the prevalence, occurrence, and incidence of bronchitis by several percent. It also significantly raises the annual rate of emergency respiratory hospitalizations and the number of days per year using bronchodilators. Exposure to PAHs and heavy metals in road dust causes cancer incidence on the order of a few cases per 10 million people. Air quality protection measures that lead to a decrease in atmospheric deposition rates are required for the effective reduction of health risks associated with particle resuspension by traffic.
虽然欧盟的汽车尾气排放量明显在下降，但非尾气排放的前景看起来更为悲观。因此，就空气质量和人类健康而言，后者的相对重要性预计将会增加。本研究的目的是评估捷克共和国道路灰尘化学成分的区域和季节差异，以及道路灰尘再悬浮对健康的影响，特别关注多环芳烃和金属。收集了所有地区和季节的道路灰尘样本。基于后续的实验室和统计处理，评估了元素和多环芳烃的时空分布。接下来，估计了道路灰尘再悬浮对空气浓度的贡献，并评估了相关的健康影响。研究发现多环芳烃和金属存在显著的区域和季节差异。导致大气沉降的空气质量是造成这些差异的最重要因素。相比之下，道路交通强度在影响道路灰尘中金属和多环芳烃浓度方面仅起次要作用。接触道路灰尘中的细颗粒物会导致早产死亡率、新生儿后期婴儿死亡率以及支气管炎的患病率、发病率和发生率增加几个百分点。这也显著提高了每年因呼吸系统疾病而急诊住院的比率以及每年使用支气管扩张剂的天数。接触道路灰尘中的多环芳烃和重金属会导致每千万人中有几例癌症发病率。为有效降低与交通造成的颗粒物再悬浮相关的健康风险，需要采取措施降低大气沉降率以保护空气质量。
