Kolpek Daniel J, Kim Jaechang, Mohammed Hisham, Gensel John C, Park Jonghyuck
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Dec 12;19:13357-13374. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S497859. eCollection 2024.
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer promising potential as therapeutic agents for inflammation-related diseases, owing to their capabilities in drug delivery and immune modulation. In preclinical studies focusing on spinal cord injury (SCI), polymeric NPs have demonstrated the ability to reprogram innate immune cells. This reprogramming results in redirecting immune cells away from the injury site, downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling, and promoting a regenerative environment post-injury. However, to fully understand the mechanisms driving these effects and maximize therapeutic efficacy, it is crucial to assess NP interactions with innate immune cells. This review examines how the physicochemical properties of polymeric NPs influence their modulation of the immune system. To achieve this, the review delves into the roles played by innate immune cells in SCI and investigates how various NP properties influence cellular interactions and subsequent immune modulation. Key NP properties such as size, surface charge, molecular weight, shape/morphology, surface functionalization, and polymer composition are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the review establishes connections between these properties and their effects on the immunomodulatory functions of NPs. Ultimately, this review suggests that leveraging NPs and their physicochemical properties could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating SCI and potentially other inflammatory diseases.
由于纳米颗粒（NPs）在药物递送和免疫调节方面的能力，它们作为炎症相关疾病的治疗剂具有广阔的前景。在针对脊髓损伤（SCI）的临床前研究中，聚合物纳米颗粒已证明具有重编程先天免疫细胞的能力。这种重编程导致免疫细胞从损伤部位转移，下调促炎信号，并在损伤后促进再生环境。然而，为了充分理解驱动这些效应的机制并最大化治疗效果，评估纳米颗粒与先天免疫细胞的相互作用至关重要。本综述探讨了聚合物纳米颗粒的物理化学性质如何影响其对免疫系统的调节。为了实现这一点，综述深入研究了先天免疫细胞在脊髓损伤中的作用，并研究了各种纳米颗粒性质如何影响细胞相互作用以及随后的免疫调节。对纳米颗粒的关键性质，如大小、表面电荷、分子量、形状/形态、表面功能化和聚合物组成进行了全面研究。此外，综述还建立了这些性质与其对纳米颗粒免疫调节功能的影响之间的联系。最终，本综述表明，利用纳米颗粒及其物理化学性质可能是治疗脊髓损伤以及潜在其他炎症性疾病的一种有前景的治疗策略。
