Teodoro Leandro, Carreira Ana Claudia O, Sogayar Mari C
Cell and Molecular Therapy NUCEL Group, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2024 Dec 13;16:913-934. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S489246. eCollection 2024.
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by highly intricate mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, which complicates diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In recent years, targeted therapies have gained prominence by focusing on specific mutations and molecular features unique to each tumor type, offering more effective and personalized treatment options. However, it is equally critical to explore the genetic commonalities across different types of cancer, which has led to the rise of pan-cancer studies. These approaches help identify shared therapeutic targets across various tumor types, enabling the development of broader and potentially more widely applicable treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key concepts related to tumors, including tumorigenesis processes, the tumor microenvironment, and the role of extracellular vesicles in tumor biology. Additionally, we explore the molecular interactions and mechanisms driving tumor progression, with a particular focus on the pan-cancer perspective. To achieve this, we conducted an in silico analysis using publicly available datasets, which facilitated the identification of both common and divergent genetic and molecular patterns across different tumor types. By integrating these diverse areas, this review offers a clearer and deeper understanding of the factors influencing tumorigenesis and highlights potential therapeutic targets.
癌症是一组复杂且多面的疾病，其特征在于肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展的高度复杂机制，这使得诊断、预后和治疗变得复杂。近年来，靶向治疗通过关注每种肿瘤类型特有的特定突变和分子特征而受到关注，提供了更有效和个性化的治疗选择。然而，探索不同类型癌症之间的遗传共性同样至关重要，这导致了泛癌研究的兴起。这些方法有助于确定各种肿瘤类型之间共享的治疗靶点，从而能够开发更广泛且可能更具广泛适用性的治疗策略。本综述旨在全面概述与肿瘤相关的关键概念，包括肿瘤发生过程、肿瘤微环境以及细胞外囊泡在肿瘤生物学中的作用。此外，我们探讨驱动肿瘤进展的分子相互作用和机制，特别关注泛癌视角。为实现这一目标，我们使用公开可用的数据集进行了计算机分析，这有助于识别不同肿瘤类型之间常见和不同的遗传及分子模式。通过整合这些不同领域，本综述对影响肿瘤发生的因素提供了更清晰、更深入的理解，并突出了潜在的治疗靶点。
