Adhikari Roshan Babu, Ghimire Diksha, Ghimire Tirth Raj
Department of Zoology, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Zoology, Alka Health Institute Pvt. Ltd., Lalitpur, Nepal.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Jan;11(1):e70164. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70164.
Increasing urbanization has particularly affected rivers and their outer edges in cities, including Kathmandu Valley, which encompasses Lalitpur, the nation's third-largest city. This study aims to conduct a parasitological survey to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic intestinal protozoa and helminths along the Karmanasa River bank in central Nepal.
Faecal samples from openly defaecating animals were collected via non-invasive techniques, and coproscopy was carried out using direct wet mount, concentration and acid-fast staining methods to ensure reliable findings.
The findings showed that all the faecal samples were positive for intestinal parasites as follows: buffaloes (15/15), cats (5/5), cattle (30/30), chickens (7/7), dogs (15/15), goats (15/15), pigs (20/20) and rats (12/12). A total of 28 intestinal parasites were reported, out of which 21 species possess zoonotic potentialities, and each host was reported to harbour at least one zoonotic parasite. Entamoeba sp., Cryptosporidium sp., hookworm, Trichuris sp., Trichostrongylus and Balantidium coli were among the predominant zoonotic parasites. The use of the landscape for livestock grazing and the presence of free-ranging animals could have all added to the zoonotic risks. Moreover, the excretion of a moderate to large number of zoonotic parasite eggs in the faecal samples indicates a transmission risk.
The study detected 21 species of intestinal zoonotic parasites circulating along the landscape in the study area, indicating a higher risk of cross-transmission. Therefore, strategic treatment of livestock and free-ranging animals and periodic public health awareness programs for the local inhabitants are highly recommended.
城市化进程的加快对城市中的河流及其周边地区产生了特别的影响，包括加德满都谷地，该国第三大城市勒利德布尔就位于该谷地。本研究旨在进行一项寄生虫学调查，以调查尼泊尔中部卡尔马纳萨河岸人畜共患肠道原生动物和蠕虫的发生情况。
通过非侵入性技术收集露天排便动物的粪便样本，并采用直接湿片法、浓缩法和抗酸染色法进行粪便检查，以确保结果可靠。
研究结果表明，所有粪便样本的肠道寄生虫检测均呈阳性，具体如下：水牛（15/15）、猫（5/5）、牛（30/30）、鸡（7/7）、狗（15/15）、山羊（15/15）、猪（20/20）和大鼠（12/12）。共报告了28种肠道寄生虫，其中21种具有人畜共患潜力，据报道每种宿主至少携带一种人畜共患寄生虫。溶组织内阿米巴属、隐孢子虫属、钩虫、鞭虫属、毛圆线虫属和结肠小袋纤毛虫是主要的人畜共患寄生虫。利用景观进行牲畜放牧以及散养动物的存在可能都增加了人畜共患风险。此外，粪便样本中排出大量人畜共患寄生虫卵表明存在传播风险。
该研究在研究区域内检测到21种肠道人畜共患寄生虫在景观中传播，表明交叉传播风险较高。因此，强烈建议对牲畜和散养动物进行战略性治疗，并为当地居民开展定期的公共卫生宣传项目。
