Afacan Beral, Budak Utkucan, Altınyürek Ece Erdem, Özden Can, Çevik Özge, Köse Timur, Emingil Gülnur
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
J Periodontol. 2024 Dec 18. doi: 10.1002/JPER.24-0356.
Intrinsic apoptosis plays a critical role in immune defense and inflammation. Its dysregulation is involved in various chronic diseases. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family primarily mediates this mitochondrial pathway. This study aimed to investigate the proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) levels and their association with interleukin-22 (IL-22) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis.
A total of 75 systemically healthy nonsmokers were enrolled, of whom 23 had stage III periodontitis, 26 had gingivitis, and 26 were periodontally healthy. Whole-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Bax, Bcl-xl, IL-22, and TGF-β1 levels in the GCF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests.
The periodontitis group had significantly lower GCF Bax levels than the gingivitis group (p < 0.05). The periodontitis and gingivitis groups had higher GCF Bcl-xl levels than the periodontally healthy group (p < 0.05). GCF IL-22 levels were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). The periodontitis group had lower GCF TGF-β1 levels than the gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p < 0.05). The diseased groups had a lower GCF Bax/Bcl-xl ratio than the healthy controls (p < 0.05). IL-22 was positively correlated with Bax (p < 0.05).
This is the first study investigating GCF Bax and Bcl-xl levels in periodontal health and disease. Increased GCF Bcl-xl levels and a decreased Bax/Bcl-xl ratio in stage III periodontitis implicate that those apoptotic proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Further studies are needed to enlighten the possible role of Bax and Bcl-xl and their association with IL-22 and TGF-β1 in periodontal diseases.
A type of cell death called intrinsic apoptosis plays an important role in the body's defense system, and its dysregulation is linked to different human diseases. The B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) are apoptosis-related proteins, which promote and inhibit cell death, respectively. This study aimed to investigate Bax and Bcl-xl levels and their association with the signaling proteins interleukin-22 (IL-22) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which accumulates around the necks of the teeth of patients suffering from gum diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinical parameters were recorded and GCF was collected. Bax, Bcl-xl, IL-22, and TGF-β1 levels were measured by biochemical assay in periodontally healthy individuals who had healthy gums (n = 26) and patients with periodontitis (n = 23) and gingivitis (n = 26). Periodontitis patients had lower Bax levels than gingivitis patients. Periodontitis and gingivitis patients had higher Bcl-xl levels and a lower Bax/Bcl-xl ratio than periodontally healthy individuals. IL-22 was positively correlated with Bax. The present findings suggest that the apoptotic regulatory molecules may be involved in the development of gum diseases, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
内源性凋亡在免疫防御和炎症中起关键作用。其失调与多种慢性疾病有关。B细胞淋巴瘤2（Bcl-2）家族主要介导这条线粒体途径。本研究旨在调查牙周炎患者龈沟液（GCF）中促凋亡的Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）和抗凋亡的B细胞淋巴瘤-超大蛋白（Bcl-xl）水平，以及它们与白细胞介素-22（IL-22）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）的关系。
共纳入75名全身健康的非吸烟者，其中23人患有III期牙周炎，26人患有牙龈炎，26人牙周健康。记录全口临床牙周测量数据。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定GCF中Bax、Bcl-xl、IL-22和TGF-β1的水平。使用非参数统计检验分析数据。
牙周炎组GCF中Bax水平显著低于牙龈炎组（p<0.05）。牙周炎组和牙龈炎组GCF中Bcl-xl水平高于牙周健康组（p<0.05）。所有组GCF中IL-22水平相似（p>0.05）。牙周炎组GCF中TGF-β1水平低于牙龈炎组和牙周健康组（p<0.05）。患病组GCF中Bax/Bcl-xl比值低于健康对照组（p<0.05）。IL-22与Bax呈正相关（p<0.05）。
这是第一项研究牙周健康和疾病中GCF中Bax和Bcl-xl水平的研究。III期牙周炎中GCF中Bcl-xl水平升高和Bax/Bcl-xl比值降低表明，这些凋亡蛋白可能参与牙周疾病的发病机制。需要进一步研究以阐明Bax和Bcl-xl在牙周疾病中的可能作用及其与IL-22和TGF-β1的关系。
一种称为内源性凋亡的细胞死亡类型在人体防御系统中起重要作用，其失调与不同的人类疾病有关。B细胞淋巴瘤2相关X蛋白（Bax）和B细胞淋巴瘤-超大蛋白（Bcl-xl）是与凋亡相关的蛋白，分别促进和抑制细胞死亡。本研究旨在调查龈沟液（GCF）中Bax和Bcl-xl水平，以及它们与信号蛋白白细胞介素-22（IL-22）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）的关系，龈沟液积聚在患有牙龈炎和牙周炎等牙龈疾病患者的牙齿颈部周围。记录临床参数并收集GCF。通过生化测定法测量了牙周健康个体（n = 26）、牙周炎患者（n = 23）和牙龈炎患者（n = 26）的GCF中Bax、Bcl-xl、IL-22和TGF-β1水平。牙周炎患者的Bax水平低于牙龈炎患者。牙周炎和牙龈炎患者的Bcl-xl水平高于牙周健康个体，且Bax/Bcl-xl比值低于牙周健康个体。IL-22与Bax呈正相关。目前的研究结果表明，凋亡调节分子可能参与牙龈疾病的发展，突出了该领域进一步研究的必要性。
