Akkaya Hazal Üstünel, Yılmaz Huriye Erbak, Narin Figen, Sağlam Mehmet
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
J Periodontol. 2022 Jan;93(1):80-88. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0137. Epub 2021 May 10.
Comparing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of galectin-3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in individuals with stage III grade C periodontitis and gingivitis and with healthy periodontium was the purpose of this clinical research.
Sixty systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals consisting of stage III grade C periodontitis (group S3P/n = 20), gingivitis (group G/n = 20), and periodontally healthy (group HP/n = 20) were recruited for this research. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were recorded in periodontal charts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in evaluating the GCF levels of galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α for study groups.
The GCF galectin-3 total amount was highest in group S3P compared with group G and group HP (P <0.05). Its total amount was also higher in group G compared with group HP (P <0.05). The GCF PAD4 total amount was higher in group S3P compared with group HP (P <0.05) but was similar with group G (P >0.05). Its total amounts were also similar in group G and group HP (P >0.05). The GCF TNF-α total amounts were similar in group S3P and group G (P >0.05) but significantly greater than the group HP (P ˂0.05). The GCF galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α concentrations were lower in the group S3P and group G compared with the group HP (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations between GCF galectin-3 total amount and all clinical parameters (P ˂0.01) and also between GCF galectin-3 and TNF-α total amounts (P ˂0.01). There was no correlation between PAD4 and clinical parameters, or between PAD4 and TNF-α (P >0.05).
Galectin-3 and PAD4 may be involved in the periodontal disease pathogenesis considering the elevated levels of these molecules in periodontal disease. These biomarkers may be used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
本临床研究旨在比较III期C级牙周炎患者、牙龈炎患者及牙周健康个体龈沟液（GCF）中半乳糖凝集素-3、肽基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4（PAD4）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的水平。
本研究招募了60名全身健康且不吸烟的个体，其中包括III期C级牙周炎患者（S3P组/n = 20）、牙龈炎患者（G组/n = 20）和牙周健康个体（HP组/n = 20）。在牙周检查表中记录诸如探诊深度、临床附着水平、牙龈指数、菌斑指数和探诊出血等临床参数。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法评估研究组GCF中半乳糖凝集素-3、PAD4和TNF-α的水平。
与G组和HP组相比，S3P组的GCF半乳糖凝集素-3总量最高（P <0.05）。G组的总量也高于HP组（P <0.05）。与HP组相比，S3P组的GCF PAD4总量更高（P <0.05），但与G组相似（P> 0.05）。G组和HP组的总量也相似（P> 0.05）。S3P组和G组的GCF TNF-α总量相似（P> 0.05），但显著高于HP组（P ˂0.05）。与HP组相比，S3P组和G组的GCF半乳糖凝集素-3、PAD4和TNF-α浓度较低（P <0.05）。GCF半乳糖凝集素-3总量与所有临床参数之间存在显著正相关（P ˂0.01），GCF半乳糖凝集素-3与TNF-α总量之间也存在显著正相关（P ˂0.01）。PAD4与临床参数之间或PAD4与TNF-α之间无相关性（P> 0.05）。
考虑到这些分子在牙周疾病中的水平升高，半乳糖凝集素-3和PAD4可能参与牙周疾病的发病机制。这些生物标志物可用于牙周疾病的诊断。
