Lou Saiyun, Hu Wei, Wei Pengyao, He Dongdong, Fu Pan, Ding Kejian, Chen Zhenyi, Dong Zhaoxing, Zheng Jianping, Wang Kaizhe
The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Jan 8;17(1):22-41. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c12567. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
As naturally secreted vesicles by cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in modulating cell-cell communication and have significant potential in tissue regeneration, immune regulation, and drug delivery. However, the low yield and uncontrollable heterogeneity of EVs have been obstacles to their widespread translation into clinical practice. Recently, it has been discovered that artificial nanovesicles (NVs) produced by cell processing can inherit the components and functions of the parent cells and possess similar structures and functions to EVs, with significantly higher yields and more flexible functionalization, making them a powerful complement to natural EVs. This review focuses on recent advances in the research of artificial NVs as replacements for natural EVs. We provide an overview comparing natural EVs and artificial NVs and summarize the top-down preparation strategies of NVs. The applications of NVs prepared from stem cells, differentiated cells, and engineered cells are presented, as well as the latest advances in NV engineering. Finally, the main challenges of artificial NVs are discussed.
作为细胞自然分泌的囊泡，细胞外囊泡（EVs）在调节细胞间通讯中发挥着重要作用，并且在组织再生、免疫调节和药物递送方面具有巨大潜力。然而，EVs的低产量和不可控的异质性一直是其广泛应用于临床实践的障碍。最近，人们发现通过细胞处理产生的人工纳米囊泡（NVs）可以继承亲本细胞的成分和功能，并且具有与EVs相似的结构和功能，产量显著更高且功能化更灵活，这使其成为天然EVs的有力补充。本综述重点关注人工NVs替代天然EVs的研究进展。我们提供了天然EVs和人工NVs的比较概述，并总结了NVs的自上而下制备策略。介绍了由干细胞、分化细胞和工程细胞制备的NVs的应用，以及NV工程的最新进展。最后，讨论了人工NVs面临的主要挑战。
