Heidari Esmaeel, Nejati Roghayeh, Sayadi Mehran, Loghmani Alireza, Dehghan Azizallah, Nematollahi Amene
Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Dec 18;197(1):69. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13578-y.
Milk and dairy products are an important source of essential nutrients for human health. However, contamination of these foods poses a significant public health concern. In this study, risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) exposure associated with the consumption of traditional milk and dairy products in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran, was carried out. A total of 180 samples, comprising raw milk, boiled milk, cheese, yoghurt, as well as Doogh and Kashk, two traditional fermented milk-based products, were collected during two seasons of summer and winter and then analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The findings indicated that 85.55% of all samples were contaminated with AFM1 with the mean concentration of positive samples as 251.15 ± 71.97 ng/kg (1.10-453.50 ng/kg). The results also showed that in 68.88% of tested samples, the toxin concentration exceeded the limit set by the national standard of Iran and the European Union standard. Dietary exposure value calculated for the study population was 0.13 ng/kg BW/day. Based on calculations resulting from risk characterization, hazard index (HI), liver cancer risk (LCR), and margin of exposure (MOE) for AFM1 were 0.67, 7.6 × 10, and 15,291, respectively. For yoghurt consumers, results showed a significant risk for the study population regarding non-carcinogenic and carcinogenicity hazard (HI > 1, LCR > 10, MOE < 10,000). Yoghurt showed the highest contribution rate for AFM1 exposure in various dairy products due to its higher consumption rates, followed by milk. Based on these results, there are needs for rigorous monitoring and control of cattle feeds to decrease the risk of contamination with aflatoxins.
牛奶和奶制品是人体健康必需营养素的重要来源。然而，这些食品的污染对公众健康构成了重大威胁。本研究对伊朗法尔斯省法萨市传统牛奶和奶制品消费中黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）暴露进行了风险评估。在夏季和冬季两个季节共采集了180份样本，包括生牛奶、煮牛奶、奶酪、酸奶以及两种传统发酵奶制品杜格（Doogh）和卡什克（Kashk），然后使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）进行分析。结果表明，所有样本中有85.55%被AFM1污染，阳性样本的平均浓度为251.15±71.97 ng/kg（1.10 - 453.50 ng/kg）。结果还显示，在68.88%的测试样本中，毒素浓度超过了伊朗国家标准和欧盟标准设定的限值。为研究人群计算的膳食暴露值为0.13 ng/kg体重/天。基于风险特征描述的计算结果，AFM1的危害指数（HI）、肝癌风险（LCR）和暴露边际（MOE）分别为0.67、7.6×10和15291。对于酸奶消费者，结果显示研究人群在非致癌和致癌危害方面存在显著风险（HI>1，LCR>10，MOE<10000）。由于酸奶的消费率较高，在各种奶制品中，酸奶对AFM1暴露的贡献率最高，其次是牛奶。基于这些结果，需要严格监测和控制牛饲料，以降低黄曲霉毒素污染的风险。
