Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
Toxicon. 2024 Nov 6;250:108119. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108119. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of aflatoxin M (AFM) in milk, yogurt, and cheese samples collected from Tabriz, Iran. Additionally, the study conducted a risk assessment related to the consumption of milk and dairy products within Tabriz city.
For this study, 56 samples (raw milk, pasteurized milk, ultra-high temperature milk (UHT), traditional yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, traditional cheese, and pasteurized cheese) were collected randomly in Tabriz from December 2021 to March 2022. The analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography, which was equipped with a fluorescence detector. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) and the hazard index (HI) were calculated for the risk assessment.
AFM was detected in all samples. The highest concentration of AFM was observed in traditional cheese (P < 0.05). The lowest concentration was observed in UHT milk and there were no significant differences between the various milk types and pasteurized yogurt (P > 0.05). Moreover, in all samples, the levels of AFM were below the maximum limit permitted by Iranian national standards. AFM levels in traditional yogurt exceeded the European Union's permissible limit in 25% of the samples. The HI in all samples was less than one for both adult and child consumers, except for milk samples for children, which were more than one and indicated a medium risk. In conclusion, the levels of contamination in milk and dairy products and risk assessment appear not to pose a public health risk to Tabriz consumers.
本研究旨在调查伊朗大不里士市采集的牛奶、酸奶和奶酪样品中是否存在黄曲霉毒素 M（AFM）。此外，还对大不里士市牛奶和乳制品的消费进行了风险评估。
本研究于 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 3 月期间在大不里士市随机采集了 56 份样品（生奶、巴氏杀菌奶、超高温奶（UHT）、传统酸奶、巴氏杀菌酸奶、传统奶酪和巴氏杀菌奶酪）。采用配备荧光检测器的液相色谱法进行分析。计算了估计膳食摄入量（EDI）和危害指数（HI），以进行风险评估。
所有样品均检测到 AFM。传统奶酪中的 AFM 浓度最高（P<0.05）。UHT 奶中的浓度最低，各种牛奶类型和巴氏杀菌酸奶之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。此外，所有样品中的 AFM 含量均低于伊朗国家标准允许的最高限量。在所有样品中，传统酸奶的 AFM 含量有 25%超过了欧盟的允许限量。对于成年和儿童消费者，除了儿童牛奶样本外，所有样本的 HI 均小于 1，表明存在中等风险。综上所述，牛奶和乳制品的污染水平和风险评估似乎不会对大不里士消费者构成公共健康风险。
