Dmytriv Tetiana R, Lushchak Volodymyr I
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
Subcell Biochem. 2024;107:307-325. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-66768-8_14.
Trillions of various microorganisms inhabit the human intestine whilst having myriads of effects on the body. They participate in the metabolism of nutrients, support the work of the immune system, regulate operation of the nervous system, and produce vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, and a number of other compounds necessary for the host. An imbalance or disruption in the normal microbial community is called dysbacteriosis or dysbiosis. This condition is often associated with the occurrence of various pathologies including chronic low-intensity inflammation. The latter is one of the key signs of ageing. In this chapter, we consider the gut microbiome as a target for anti-ageing interventions. In particular, we describe the main functions of the gut microbiome, its changes with ageing, and discuss dysbacteriosis as a trigger of accelerated ageing. We also present anti-ageing interventions such as a diet, nutritional supplements (probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants), and exercise and how they may affect the microbiome and enable or impede healthy longevity.
数以万亿计的各种微生物栖息在人体肠道内，同时对身体产生无数影响。它们参与营养物质的代谢，支持免疫系统的工作，调节神经系统的运作，并产生维生素、短链脂肪酸以及宿主所需的许多其他化合物。正常微生物群落的失衡或破坏被称为肠道菌群失调或生态失调。这种情况通常与包括慢性低度炎症在内的各种病理状况的发生有关。后者是衰老的关键标志之一。在本章中，我们将肠道微生物群视为抗衰老干预的目标。特别是，我们描述了肠道微生物群的主要功能、其随衰老的变化，并讨论了肠道菌群失调作为加速衰老的触发因素。我们还介绍了抗衰老干预措施，如饮食、营养补充剂（益生菌、益生元、抗氧化剂）和运动，以及它们如何影响微生物群并促进或阻碍健康长寿。
